Peds Airway Flashcards
upper airway obstruction –> congenital cause? (1)
choanal atresia
upper airway obstruction –> neoplastic cause? (1)
rhabdomyosarcoma
upper airway obstruction –> infectious cause? (1)
peritonsillar abscess
choanal atresia –> can be what tissue type? (3)
- osseous
- membranous
- mixed
choanal atresia –> MC tissue type? 2nd MC?
#1 mixed #2 osseous
choanal atresia –> MC assoc synd?
CHARGE synd
CHARGE synd –> synd?
- coloboma
- heart defect
- atresia choanae
- retard of developmt
- GU anomaly
- ear anomaly
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma –> epidemiology?
adolescent M
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma –> what is it?
benign hamartomatous lesion –> highly vascular
large invasive nasopharyngeal soft tissue mass –> ddx? (2) how to differentiate?
- juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma –> bony remodeling
- rhabdomyosarcoma –> bony destruction
epiglottitis –> classic XR findings? (2)
- thickened epiglottis (thumbprint sign)
- thickened aryepiglottic folds
croup –> purpose of imaging? why?
clinical dx –> eval for other causes of stridor
aspirated FB is radiolucent –> XR finding of aspirated FB? (1)
air trapping –> persistent expansion on expiration
what is retropharyngeal pseudothickening?
pre-vertebral soft tissues appear thickened:
- neck flexion
- not true lat film
- expiration
neck soft tissue XR –> prevertebral soft tissue thickening –> ddx? (3)
- retropharyngeal cellulitis/abscess
- lymphoma
- duplication cyst
10yo –> steeple sign –> dx?
exudative tracheitis (membranous croup)
exudative tracheitis (membranous croup) –> imaging –> steeple sign –> other imaging findings? (2)
- linear filling defect in trachea
- plaque-like irreg of trachea wall
MC pediatric subglottic tracheal mass
subglottic hemangioma
laryngeal papillomatosis –> possible complication?
seed the lungs –> mult cavitary nodules
what is tracheobronchomalacia?
weak tracheobronchial cartilage –> excessive collapse w expiration
tracheobronchomalacia –> congenital or acquired?
either
what are some causes of acquired tracheobronchomalacia? (3)
- intubation
- infection
- chronic inflamm
tracheobronchomalacia –> imaging finding?
> 50% reduction of airway lumen
stridor –> what is a vascular ring?
aortic arch or great vessels –> completely encircle trachea & esophagus
stridor –> what is a vascular sling?
L pulm A –> arise from R pulm A –> trap trachea in a sling
stridor –> CXR –> what finding gives clue to possible vascular etiology?
R sided aortic arch
stridor –> vascular cause –> typical initial imaging?
esophagram
stridor –> normal L-sided aortic arch –> what is the only potential vascular cause for the stridor?
pulmonary A sling
stridor –> vascular etiology? (3)
- double aortic arch
- R aortic arch –> aberrant subclavian A
- pulmonary sling
MC vascular ring?
double aortic arch
what is Kommerell diverticulum?
bulbous configuration of the origin of an aberrant left subclavian artery in the setting of a right-sided aortic arch
pulmonary sling –> assoc w what kind of tracheal anomaly? (2)
- tracheomalacia
- bronchus suis
what is bronchus suis?
RUL bronchus originating from trachea
normal aortic arch –> aberrant R subclavian A –> possible complication?
dysphagia lusoria
resp distress while feeding –> dx?
choanal atresia
prenasal space –> dural membrane –> not regress –> dx?
prenasal space –> congenital dermal sinus
prenasal space –> congenital dermal sinus –> potential complication? (2)
- epi/dermoid cyst –> anywhere along tract
- encephalocele
prenasal space –> congenital dermal sinus –> midline or sagittal? change in size w Valsalva?
- midline
- not change size
prenasal space –> congenital dermal sinus –> location of communication to intracranial space?
foramen cecum
what is nasal glioma?
brain in nose
nasal glioma –> imaging appearance?
- infant –> nose –> soft tissue mass
- not enhance
nasal glioma –> change in size w Valsalva?
no
prenasal space –> congenital dermal sinus –> encephalocele –> assoc?
midline anomalies:
- facial cleft
- callosal anomaly
- interhemispheric lipoma
differentiate: prenasal space congenital dermal sinus encephalocele vs dacryocystocele –> what happens to NG tube?
encephalocele: displaced lat
dacyrocystocele: displace med
prenasal space –> congenital dermal sinus –> encephalocele –> change in size w Valsalva?
yes
neonate –> nasal obstruct –> 2 MCC?
#1 choanal atresia #2 dacryocystocele
dacryocystocele –> MOA?
nasolacrimal duct –> congenital obstruct –> cyst form
dacryocystocele –> potential complication?
infx –> dacryocystitis
croup –> org?
parainfluenza virus
croup –> age?
6mo-3yo (avg 1yo)
what is omega epiglottis?
oblique xray –> epiglottis look enlrg
differentiate: epiglottitis vs omega epiglottis? (1)
epiglottitis –> thickened aryepiglottic folds
omega epiglottis –> normal aryepiglottic folds
epiglottitis –> age?
- 3.5yo
- teens
exudative tracheitis (bacterial tracheitis) –> org?
Staph aureus
exudative tracheitis (bacterial tracheitis) –> age?
6-10yo
imaging to differentiate true prevertebral soft tissue thickening vs retropharyngeal pseudothickening?
repeat XR –> extend neck
subglottic hemangioma –> favor R or L?
L
subglottic hemangioma –> assoc? (2)
- cutaneous hemangioma
- PHACES synd
PHACES synd –> synd?
- post fossa –> Dandy Walker
- hemangioma
- arterial anomaly
- coarct of aorta, cardiac defect
- eye abn
- subglottic hemangioma/sternal cleft/supraumbilical raphe
what is laryngeal cleft
defect –> comm bw –> larynx & esophagus
laryngeal cleft –> assoc? (1)
other complex GI malform
esophagram –> laryngeal cleft –> next step?
endoscopy –> confirm
lungs –> mult areas of air trapping –> dx?
papillomatosis
airway –> lobulated grape-like lesion –> dx?
papillomatosis
suspect epiglottitis –> XR –> in rad dept or portable?
portable
