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CORE > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

retroperitoneum –> soft tissue mass –> surround aorta/IVC –> retroperitoneal fibrosis vs malig LAD –> how differentiate?

A

retroperitoneal fibrosis –> rarely displace aorta away from spine

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2
Q

retroperitoneal hemorrhage –> CT –> w vs w/o IV contrast –> pros?

A
  • w/o –> rapidly image pt

- w –> may detect actie extrav

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3
Q

pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma –> assoc synd? (5)

A
  • mult endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2A & B

- von Hippel-Lindau

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4
Q

extra-adrenal paraganglioma –> MC location?

A

organ of Zuckerkandl –> along aortic bifurcation to level of bladder

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5
Q

post-micturition syncope –> ddx? (1)

A

extra-adrenal paraganglioma involving bladder

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6
Q

extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma –> potential NM studies? (3)

A
  • Iodine-123 MIBG
  • Indium-111 pentetreotide scintigraphy
  • Gallium-68 DOTATATE PET/CT
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7
Q

what are glomus tumors?

A

paraganglioma of head/neck

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8
Q

glomus tumor (paraganglioma of head/neck) –> involving… is called…?

  • tympanic membrane
  • jugular foramen
  • carotid body
  • vagus N
A
  • glomus tympanicum
  • glomus jugulare
  • carotid body tumor
  • glomus vagale
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9
Q

pheochromocytoma –> MRI sign?

A

“light bulb” sign –> marked T2 hyper

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10
Q

adrenal gland –> masses arising from adrenal medulla? (4)

A
  • pheochromocytoma

- neuroblastic tumors: ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, neuroblastoma

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11
Q

absent nephrogram –> ddx? (3)

A
  • acute renal A/V occlusion
  • chronic ureteral obstruct
  • congenital/acquired renal dz –> nonfxing nephrons
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12
Q

what is bilat persistent nephrogram? ddx? (5)

A

both kidneys –> retain contrast >3min –> delayed urine excrete:

  • systemic hypotension
  • acute tubular necrosis
  • bilat obstructive uropathy
  • contrast nephropathy
  • proteinuria –> ie. myeloma kidney
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13
Q

unilat delayed nephrogram –> ddx? (4)

A
  • acute ureteral obstruct
  • renal A stenosis
  • renal V thrombosis/compression
  • acute pyelonephritis
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14
Q

unilat prolonged (hyperdense) nephrogram –> ddx? (3)

A
  • acute ureter obstruct
  • renal A stenosis
  • renal V thrombosis/compression
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15
Q

unilat striated nephrogram –> ddx? (6)

A
  • acute urinary obstruct
  • acute pyelonephritis
  • renal infarct
  • renal V thrombosis/vasculitis
  • renal contusion
  • acute rad tx
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16
Q

bilat striated nephrogram –> ddx? (5)

A
  • acute urinary obstruct
  • acute pyelonephritis
  • acute tubular necrosis
  • hypotension
  • autosomal recessive polycystic kidney dz (ARPKD)
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17
Q

kidney –> excretory phase –> extra-calyceal contrast –> ddx? (3)

A
  • tubular ectasia/medullary sponge kidney
  • calyceal diverticulum
  • papillary necrosis
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18
Q

what is medullary sponge kidney

A

tubular ectasia w assoc calcs of renal medullary pyramids

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19
Q

unilat enlrg kidney –> ddx? (4)

A
  • pyelonephritis
  • acute ureteral obstruct
  • renal V thrombosis
  • compensatory hypertrophy
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20
Q

what is Weigert-Meyer rule?

A

duplicated collecting system:

  • upper pole ureter –> ectopic insert (med/inf) –> ureterocele, obstruct (upper obstructs)
  • lower pole –> normal insert (lat/sup) –> reflux (lower refluxes)
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21
Q

medullary nephrocalcinosis –> causes? (6) MCC?

A
  • # 1 hyperPTH
  • renal tubular acidosis type 1
  • medullary sponge kidney
  • papillary necrosis
  • child –> furosemide/lasix tx
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22
Q

cortical nephrocalcinosis –> causes? (6)

A
  • acute cortical necrosis
  • chronic glomerulonephritis
  • chronic transplant reject
  • hyperoxaluria
  • Alport synd
  • autosomal recessive polycystic kidney dz (ARPKD)
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23
Q

kidney –> cortical necrosis –> MOA?

A

small vessel vasospasm or systemic hypotension –> acute ischemia

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24
Q

kidney –> cortical necrosis –> CT appearance?

A
  • renal cortex –> no enhance

- renal medulla –> normal enhance

25
Q

what is papillary necrosis?

A

renal papillary tissue –> necrosis & slough

26
Q

papillary necrosis –> clinical presentation?

A

gross hematuria

27
Q

papillary necrosis –> potential comp?

A

chronic renal insuff

28
Q

papillary necrosis –> MC causes? (4)

A
  • NSAIDs
  • sickle cell
  • DM
  • renal V thrombosis
29
Q

papillary necrosis –> 3 classic signs?

A
  • “ball on tee”
  • “lobster claw”
  • “signet ring”
30
Q

what is page kidney?

A

subcapsular collection (ie hematoma, urinoma) –> compress kidney –> 2ary HTN

31
Q

hydronephrosis –> nonobstructive cause? (2)

A
  • vesicoureteral reflux

- preg

32
Q

what is xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis?

A

obstructing staghorn calculus –> chronic renal infx –> fibrofatty inflamm tissue –> replace renal parenchyma

33
Q

xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis –> 2 MC org?

A
  • proteus

- Ecoli

34
Q

HIV nephropathy –> specific US findings?

A

enlrg echogenic kidneys

35
Q

lithium nephropathy –> classic CT appearance?

A

bilat kidney –> normal size –> numerous scattered uniform microcysts

36
Q

RCC –> subtypes? (3) MC type?

A
  • # 1 clear cell
  • papillary
  • chromophobe
37
Q

renal medullary CA –> MC epidemiology?

A

sickle cell

38
Q

renal lesion –> macroscopic fat & calc –> ddx?

A

RCC w macroscopic fat

39
Q

renal mass –> looks like RCC –> another ddx? (1)

A

oncocytoma

40
Q

von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) –> manifestations? (6)

A
  • renal cysts –> mult bilat RCC –> clear cell subtype
  • multifocal pheochromocytoma
  • CNS hemangioblastoma
  • pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
  • pancreas serous cystadenoma
  • pancreas/liver cysts
41
Q

Birt-Hogg-Dube –> manifestations? (4)

A
  • derm lesions
  • cystic lung dz
  • mult renal oncocytomas
  • RCC –> chromophobe subtype
42
Q

mult bilat renal angiomyolipomas –> ddx? (1)

A

tuberous sclerosis

43
Q

renal transplant –> comp –> fluid collection –> ddx based on timing?

  • immed postop
  • 1-2wk postop
  • 3-4wk
  • > 2mo
A
  • immed postop: hematoma
  • 1-2wk postop: urinoma
  • 3-4wk: abscess
  • > 2mo: lymphocele
44
Q

what is ureteritis cystica?

A

ie. chronic infx, stone dz –> chronic urinary tract inflamm –> several small subepithelial cysts –> benign –> mult tiny filling defects

45
Q

ureter –> what is leukoplakia (squamous metaplasia)?

A

rare urothelial inflamm condition –> white patch

46
Q

ureter –> leukoplakia (squamous metaplasia) –> charact appearance?

A

“corduroy” appearance

47
Q

what is malacoplakia?

A

rare –> chronic UTI –> chronic inflamm granulomatous condition

48
Q

malacoplakia –> epidemiology?

A

mid age F

49
Q

malacoplakia –> imaging appearance?

A

bladder and/or distal ureter –> mult flat filling defects

50
Q

multifocal ureteral stenosis –> ddx?

A

TB

51
Q

kidney TB –> imaging appearance?

A

parenchymal calc & scarrin

52
Q

bladder TB –> imaging appearance?

A

small capacity bladder –> thick wall

53
Q

prostate CA –> MRI findings?

  • DWI
  • T2
  • enhance
A
  • restrict diff
  • T2 low
  • early enhance (compared to surrounding peripheral zone)
54
Q

prostate CA –> what is hemorrhage exclusion sign?

A

post-bx:

  • normal prostate tissue –> high [citrate] –> more bleed –> T1 hyper
  • neoplastic tissue –> lower [citrate] –> bleed less –> T1 low
55
Q

prostate CA –> peripheral vs transitional zone lesion –> which MRI seq is used to assign PI-RADS category?

A
  • peripheral –> ADC

- transitional –> T2

56
Q

adrenal mass –> portal venous HU >120 –> rapid washout –> ddx? (2)

A

NOT an adenoma!

  • met
  • pheo
57
Q

Conn synd (synd of excess aldosterone) –> MCC?

A

benign adenoma

58
Q

MEN synd (3)?

A

MEN1 (3P):

  • pituitary
  • parathyroid
  • pancreas

MEN2A (2P 1M):

  • parathyroid
  • pheo
  • medullary thyroid

MEN2B (1P 2M):

  • pheo
  • medullary thyroid
  • marfanoid habitus / mucosal neuroma

CORE (33 decks)

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