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CORE > Peds Neuro > Flashcards

Peds Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

full term newborn –> what will be myelinated at birth?

A

deep brain:

  • internal capsule post limb
  • middle cerebellar peduncle
  • thalamus
  • brainstem dorsal
  • perirolandic region
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2
Q

myelination –> mature by what age?

A

2yo

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3
Q

myelination –> T1 signal? T2 signal?

A

T1: bright
T2: dark

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4
Q

myelination –> progression pattern?

A

central to peripheral
caudal to rostral
dorsal to ventral
sensory then motor

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5
Q

dev of normal cortex –> depend on what aspect of germinal matrix cell? (2)

A

migration –> organization

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6
Q

what is polymicrogyria?

A

neuronal migration or cortical lamellar organization –> disturbed –> cortex –> normal 6-layer organization –> deranged –> cortical dev malform –> sulci –> numerous + shallow

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7
Q

polymicrogyria –> etiology? (3)

A
  • in utero infx (ie CMV)
  • in utero ischemia
  • genetic
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8
Q

polymicrogyria –> clinical manifestation? (3)

A
  • dev delay
  • quadriparesis
  • intractable sz
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9
Q

polymicrogyria –> MC location?

A

bilat perisylvian

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10
Q

polymicrogyria –> MR appearance? (2)

A
  • sulci –> small, thick, bumpy, irreg

- G-W diff –> irreg, less well-defined

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11
Q

what is lissencephaly? MOA?

A

arrested neurons –> not complete outward migration to superficial cortex –> cortex 4 layers (normal 6) –> absent/decreased cortical convulution –> cortical surface thick & smooth

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12
Q

lissencephaly –> etiology –> 1 example?

A

CMV (will show calcifications)

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13
Q

lissencephaly –> clinical presentation?

A

sz

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14
Q

lissencephaly –> 2 subtypes?

A
  • type I (classical)

- type II (cobblestone)

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15
Q

type II (cobblestone) lissencephaly –> assoc synd?

A

Walker-Warburg synd

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16
Q

Walker-Warburg synd –> synd? (4)

A
  • cobblestone lissencephaly
  • cerebellar malformation
  • ocular malform
  • muscular dystrophy
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17
Q

type I (classical) lissencephaly –> key imaging findings? (2)

A
  • smooth cortex

- cerebral hemisphere –> “hourglass” (“figure of 8”) configuration

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18
Q

type II (cobblestone) lissencephaly –> key imaging finding?

A

finely undulating cortex

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19
Q

what is gray matter heterotopia?

A

clusters of normal neurons –> abnormal locations

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20
Q

gray matter heterotopia –> potential complication?

A

sz

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21
Q

gray matter heterotopia –> 3 main subtypes?

A
  • periventricular nodular heterotopia
  • subcortical heterotopia
  • marginal glioneural heterotopia
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22
Q

corpus callosum –> agenesis –> MC clinical manifestation? (2)

A
  • refractile sz

- dev delay

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23
Q

hydrocephalus –> ventricular/hemispheric ratio –> how to measure? normal value?

A

coronal –> level of 3rd ventricle/foramen of Monro –> midline to lat ventricle/midline to hemisphere –> <0.35

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24
Q

hydrocephalus –> 3rd ventricle –> normal value?

A

transverse <5mm

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25
Q

what is craniosynostosis?

A

premature closure of skull suture

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26
Q

craniosynostosis –> etiology?

A
  • idiopathic
  • primary condition
  • 2ary/syndromic (ie genetic, metabolic)
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27
Q

primary craniosynostosis –> presentation? epidemiology?

A

M>F –> at birth

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28
Q

primary craniosynostosis –> MC location?

A

sagittal suture

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29
Q

craniosynostosis –> sagittal suture –> head shape?

A

scaphocephaly/dolichocephaly –> long & narrow

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30
Q

craniosynostosis –> coronal suture –> head shape?

A

brachycephaly –> short AP, wide lat

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31
Q

craniosynostosis –> coronal suture –> brachycephaly –> orbit appearance?

A

“harlequin eye”

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32
Q

craniosynostosis –> metopic suture –> head shape?

A

trigonocephaly –> pty forehead

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33
Q

craniosynostosis –> all sutures –> what condition?

A

clover-leaf skull (Kleeblattschadel)

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34
Q

clover-leaf skull (Kleeblattschadel) –> assoc synd? (3)

A
  • thanatophoric dysplasia
  • Apert synd
  • Crouzon synd
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35
Q

what is colpocephaly?

A

lat ventricle –> occipital horn –> dilated

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36
Q

corpus callosum agenesis –> ventricular system appearance?

A

lat ventricle:

  • parallel, wide spaced
  • colpocephaly
  • medial impressions

3rd ventricle:

  • enlrg
  • high-riding
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37
Q

corpus callosum agenesis –> colpocephaly –> MOA?

A

post brain –> white matter decrease

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38
Q

corpus callosum agenesis –> lat ventricle –> medial impressions –> MOA?

A

corpus callosum agenesis –> axons that normally constitute corpus callosum (Probst bundles) –> aberrant course –> parallel interhemispheric fissure –> medial impressions on lat ventricles

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39
Q

corpus callosum agenesis –> ventricular system appearance –> signs? (2)

A
  • racing car sign

- moose head sign

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40
Q

corpus callosum agenesis –> assoc conditions? (2)

A

other midline abnormalities:

  • midline lipoma
  • interhemispheric cyst
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41
Q

what is schizencephaly?

A

malformation –> cerebral hemisphere –> full thickness cleft –> lined by dysplastic gray matter (usu polymicrogyria) –> abnormal comm bw ventricles & subarachoid space

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42
Q

schizencephaly –> assoc condition? (2)

A
  • 30% –> cortical malformation (gray matter heterotopia)

- septo-optic dysplasia

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43
Q

schizencephaly –> 2 subtypes?

A
  • open lip

- closed lip

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44
Q

septo-optic dysplasia –> synd? (2)

A
  • septum pellucidum –> agenesis

- optic N hypoplasia

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45
Q

schizencephaly –> MC location?

A

frontal lobe

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46
Q

cortical cleft –> ddx? (4)

A
  • schizencephaly
  • porencephaly (cortex replaced by cystic struct)
  • encephalomalacia
  • surg resect cavity
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47
Q

differentiate: schizencephaly vs other cortical clefts? (1)

A

schizencephaly –> lined by gray matter

other cortical clefts –> not lined by gray matter

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48
Q

what is holoprosencephaly?

A

congenital malformation –> forebrain –> not divide into 2 hemispheres

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49
Q

holoprosencephaly –> assoc anomalies? (2)

A
  • midline maxillofacial anomalies –> single central incisor

- ACA –> azygous configuration (single ACA)

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50
Q

holoprosencephaly –> 3 subtypes?

A

most to least severe:

  • alobar
  • semilobar
  • lobar
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51
Q

alobar holoprosencephaly –> imaging appearance? (2)

A
  • cerebral hemispheres –> complete lack of separation

- single lrg monoventricle –> comm w lrg dorsal cyst

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52
Q

semilobar holoprosencephaly –> imaging appearance? (3)

A
  • cerebral hemisphere –> ant –> unified
  • cerebral hemisphere –> post –> some separation
  • post midline –> lrg interhemispheric cyst
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53
Q

lobar holoprosencephaly –> imaging appearance? (2)

A
  • cerebral hemisphere –> ant –> most rostral aspect –> unified
  • corpus callosum –> ant –> absent
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54
Q

what is Chiari I?

A

cerebellar tonsils –> inf displace –> below foramen magnum

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55
Q

Chiari I –> 2 MC complications?

A
  • # 1 cervical syringomyelia

- hydrocephalus

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56
Q

Chiari I –> clinical manifestation? (3)

A

variable:
- occasional exertional HA
- severe myelopathy, brainstem compromise
- sleep apnea, feeding problems

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57
Q

what is syringomeylia?

A

fluid w/in spinal cord –> usu dilation of central canal

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58
Q

differentiate: Chiari I syringomyelia vs other syringomyelia? (1)

A

Chiari I syringomyelia –> no comm w 4th ventricle

other syringomyelia –> may comm w 4th vent

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59
Q

Chiari I –> classic dx criterion?

A

cerebellar tonsil herniation:

  • unilat –> 5mm
  • bilat –> 3mm
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60
Q

pediatric –> CT brain –> cerebellar tonsil –> inf displaced –> no other findings –> impression?

A

borderline tonsillar ectopia

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61
Q

Chiari I –> cerebellar tonsil herniation –> other assoc findings? (4)

A
  • post fossa –> crowded
  • cerebellar tonsils –> pted
  • syringomyelia
  • hydrocephalus
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62
Q

Chiari II –> 1ary abnormality?

A

vermis, cerebellar tonsils, medulla –> herniate into foramen magnum –> resultant tectum beaking

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63
Q

Chiari II –> hindbrain herniate –> other findings? (4)

A
  • myelomeningocele –> lumbar
  • 4th ventricle –> inf –> elong
  • hydrocephalus
  • supratentorial anomaly (corpus callosum dysgenesis, heterotopia, sulcation abnormal)
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64
Q

Dandy-Walker malformation –> key findings? (4)

A
  • enlrg post fossa
  • lrg post fossa cyst –> comm w 4th vent
  • vermis hypoplasia
  • torcular-lambdoid inversion
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65
Q

differentiate: Dandy-Walker malformation vs variant (1)

A

Dandy-Walker malformation: enlrg post fossa

Dandy-Walker variant: normal post fossa size

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66
Q

neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausen dz) –> synd? (4)

A
  • cafe au lait spots
  • peripheral N sheath tumor (plexiform neurofibroma)
  • CNS malig (optic N glioma)
  • bony abn (sphenoid wing dysplasia)
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67
Q

NF1 –> what is “bright spots” (“unidentified bright objects”)?

  • seen on what MR seq?
  • age range?
A

4-12yo

myelin vacuolization –> T2 bright spots

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68
Q

what is neurofibroma? MC location?

A

N sheath tumor –> WHO grade I

sub/cutaneous N

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69
Q

what is plexiform neurofibroma?

A

neurofibroma subtype –> more aggressive

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70
Q

plexiform neurofibroma –> potential complication?

A

malig degen

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71
Q

neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausen dz) –> assoc w what brain neoplasms? (3)

A
  • optic N glioma
  • juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma
  • brainstem glioma
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72
Q

optic N glioma –> assoc synd/condition?

A

50% –> NF1

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73
Q

tumors of Schwann cell origin? (2)

A
  • schwannoma

- neurofibroma

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74
Q

neurofibroma –> imaging appearance?

A

network of fusiform shaped masses

- target sign

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75
Q

neurofibroma –> what is target sign?

A

fibrocollagenous core –> central T2 hypo

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76
Q

nerve –> target sign –> ddx? (2)

what does target sign indicate?

A
  • schwannoma
  • neurofibroma

benign

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77
Q

differentiate: schwannoma vs neurofibroma? (1)

A

schwannoma
- encapsulated

neurofibroma
- nonencapsulated

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78
Q

neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausen dz) –> assoc w what bone abn? (7)

A
  • sphenoid wing dysplasia
  • post vert body scallop
  • rib notch “twisted ribbon ribs”
  • focal gigantism
  • cervical kyphoscoliosis –> acute angle
  • neuroforamin enlrg
  • tibia bowing
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79
Q

NF1 –> bone abn –> sphenoid wing dysplasia –> potential complication?

A

pulsatile enoph/exophthalmos

80
Q

NF1 –> assoc extracranial neoplasm? (4)

A
  • Wilms tumor
  • rhabdomyosarcoma
  • renal AML
  • leiomyosarcoma
81
Q

NF1 vs NF2 –> which is MC?

A

NF1

82
Q

NF2 –> synd?

A 
MISME: 
mult inherited 
- schwannoma
- meningioma
- ependymoma
83
Q

NF2 –> typical clinical presentation?

A

hearing loss –> d/t bilat vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma)

84
Q

what finding is dx for NF2?

A

bilat vestibular schwannoma (acoustic neuroma)

85
Q

Sturge-Weber –> sydn? (3)

A
  • capillary malformation –> facial port wine stain
  • ocular abn
  • cortical venous –> fail of normal dev
86
Q

Sturge-Weber –> MOA?

A

primitive embryologic cephalic venous plexus –> fail to regress

87
Q

Sturge-Weber –> port wine stain –> MC location?

A

trigeminal N (CN V1) –> ophthalmic br:

  • forehead
  • upper eyelid
88
Q

Sturge-Weber –> cortical venous –> fail of normal dev –> what condition?

A

leptomeningeal venous angiomatosis: vascular malformation –> dilated capillaries & venules

89
Q

Sturge-Weber –> leptomeningeal venous angiomatosis –> natural progression of dz?

A

chronic ischemia –> cortical atrophy –> cortical calcification

90
Q

Sturge-Weber –> leptomeningeal venous angiomatosis –> characteristic imaging findings? (3)

A
  • cortical atrophy –> subcortical calcification
  • pial enhancement
  • enlrg choroid plexus (increased flow –> compensatory hypertrophy)
91
Q

what is phakomatoses?

A

grp of neurocutaneous disorder –> involve embryonic ectoderm struct:

  • CNS
  • skin
  • eye
92
Q

phakomatoses –> include which conditions? (5)

A
  • NF1
  • NF2
  • Sturge-Weber
  • tuberous sclerosis
  • Von Hippel Lindau synd
93
Q

tuberous sclerosis –> extracranial manifestation? (3)

A
  • renal –> mult AML
  • cardiac –> rhabdomyoma
  • lung –> lymphangioleiomyomatosis
94
Q

tuberous sclerosis –> brain findings? (3)

A
  • sub/cortical tubers (hamartomas)
  • subependymal nodules
  • subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
95
Q

tuberous sclerosis –> subependymal giant cell astrocytoma –> imaging appearance?

A

subependymal nodule:

  • new enhance
  • enlrging
96
Q

midbrain –> “molar tooth” configuration –> ddx? (1)

A

Joubert synd & related disorders (JSRD)

97
Q

Joubert synd & related disorders (JSRD) –> primary abn?

A

cerebellar vermis –> aplasia/hypoplasia

98
Q

differentiate: Joubert synd & related disorders (JSRD) vs Dandy Walker complex? (1)

A

Joubert synd & related disorders (JSRD):

  • no hydrocephalus
  • no lrg post fossa cyst

Dandy Walker complex:

  • hydrocephalus
  • lrg post fossa cyst
99
Q

differentiate: positional plagiocephaly vs unilat lambdoid synostosis –>

  • onset
  • ipsilat ear position
  • side of frontal bossing
  • how common?
  • tx
A

positional plagiocephaly:

  • onset: wks after birth
  • ear position: ant
  • frontal bossing: ipsilat
  • how common: MC
  • tx: conservative

unilat lambdoid synostosis:

  • onset: birth
  • ear position: post
  • frontal bossing: contralat
  • how common: least common
  • tx: surg
100
Q

what is ant plagiocephaly?

A

unilat coronal synostosis

101
Q

what is post plagiocephaly?

A

unilat lambdoid synostosis

102
Q

craniosynostosis –> lambdoid suture –> head shape?

A

turricephaly –> tall

103
Q

scaphocephaly/dolichocephaly –> assoc condition?

A

Marfan’s

104
Q

trigonocephaly –> eye appearance?

A

“quizzical eye”

105
Q

trigonocephaly –> assoc clinical presentation?

A

growth restriction of frontal lobes –> cognitive disorder

106
Q

coronal synostosis –> bilat –> association?

A

syndromic mental retard

107
Q

craniosynostosis –> imaging modality of choice?

A

CT + 3D recons

108
Q

absence/dysplasia of greater sphenoid wing –> dx?

A

NF1

109
Q

tibial pseudoarthrosis –> dx?

A

NF1

110
Q

scoliosis –> dx?

A

NF1

111
Q

lat thoracic meningocele –> dx?

A

NF1

112
Q

bone defect in region of lambdoid suture –> dx?

A

NF1

113
Q

asterion defect –> dx?

A

NF1

114
Q

Apert synd –> synd? (2)

A
  • brachycephaly

- syndactyly

115
Q

Crouzon’s synd –> mnenomic? (7)

A

C’s:

  • coronal sutures fused
  • can’t chew
  • Chiari I
  • coarctation
  • hydroCephalus
  • Central bones short (rhizomelia)
  • Crazy eyes (exophthalmos)
116
Q

3 types of skull markings?

A
  • convolutional markings
  • copper beaten
  • Luckenschadel (“lacunar”)
117
Q

what are convolutional markings of the skull?

A

skull –> inner table –> normal gyral impressions

118
Q

convolutional markings of the skull –> age range? why?

A

3-7yo –> rapid brain growth

119
Q

convolutional markings of the skull –> MC location?

A

post skull

120
Q

copper beaten skull markings –> location?

A

ant & post skull

121
Q

copper beaten skull markings –> cause?

A

increased intracranial pressure:

  • craniosynostosis
  • obstructive hydrocephalus
122
Q

Luckenschadel (“lacunar”) skull markings –> cause?

A

defective bone matrix

123
Q

Luckenschadel (“lacunar”) skull markings –> etiology? (2)

A
  • Chiari II

- neural tube defect

124
Q

what is parietal foramina?

A

benign congenital defect –> delayed/incomplete ossification –> symm holes in parietal bones

125
Q

Wormian bones –> MC location?

A

lambdoid suture

126
Q

Wormian bones –> dx?

  • <10
  • > 10
  • > 10 & absent clavicle
A
  • <10: idiopathic
  • > 10: osteogenesis imperfecta
  • > 10 & absent clavicle: cleidocranial dysostosis
127
Q

Wormian bones –> >10 –> ddx mnemonic?

A

PORK-CHOP:

  • pyknodysotosis
  • osteogenesis imperfecta
  • rickets
  • kinky hair synd (Menke’s/fucked copper metab)
  • cleidocranial dysostosis
  • hypothyroid/hypophosphate
  • one too many 21 chrom (Down)
  • primary acro-osteolysis (Hajdu-Cheney)
128
Q

skull –> dermoid/epidermoid cyst –> imaging appearance?

A

bone defect –> benign sclerotic borders

129
Q

differentiate: epidermoid vs dermoid cyst –>

  • histology
  • onset
  • MC location
  • CT appearance
  • MR appearance
A

epidermoid

  • histology: skin only
  • onset: 20-40yo
  • MC location: parietal –> behind ears
  • CT: CSF density
  • MR: T1 variable, T2 bright, no enhance

dermoid:
- histology: skin + other (hair follicle, sweat gland, etc)
- onset: earlier
- MC location: midline
- CT appearance: more heterogeneous, calcification
- MR appearance: T1/T2 bright, +/- wall enhance

130
Q

skull –> dermoid –> assoc condition?

A

encephalocele

131
Q

differentiate: subgaleal hemorrhage vs cephalohematoma vs caput succedaneum
- location

A
  • subgaleal hemorrhage: bw aponeurosis & periosteum
  • cephalohematoma: subperiosteal
  • caput succedaneum: subcutaneous
132
Q

differentiate: subgaleal hemorrhage vs cephalohematoma vs caput succedaneum
- cross suture?

A
  • subgaleal hemorrhage: yes
  • cephalohematoma: no
  • caput succedaneum: yes
133
Q

differentiate: subgaleal hemorrhage vs cephalohematoma vs caput succedaneum
- cause?

A
  • subgaleal hemorrhage: vacuum extraction
  • cephalohematoma: instrumt/vacuum extraction
  • caput succedaneum: prolonged delivery
134
Q

differentiate: subgaleal hemorrhage vs cephalohematoma vs caput succedaneum
- potential complication?

A
  • subgaleal hemorrhage: rapid blood loss –> life-threatening
  • cephalohematoma: superinfx –> abscess, skull osteomyelitis
  • caput succedaneum: N/A
135
Q

subgaleal hemorrhage –> when present?

A

12-72hr post delivery

136
Q

differentiate: subgaleal hemorrhage vs cephalohematoma vs caput succedaneum
- tx?

A
  • subgaleal hemorrhage: rapid blood loss –> potentially life-threatening –> poss surg
  • cephalohematoma: none
  • caput succedaneum: none
137
Q

head US –> caudothalamic groove –> echogenic focus –> dx?

  • preterm
  • full term
A

preterm: germinal matrix hemorrhage

full term: choroid plexus hemorrhage

138
Q

germinal matrix hemorrhage –> onset?

A

90% –> 1st wk of life

139
Q

germinal matrix hemorrhage –> when screen US head?

A

1st wk of life

140
Q

germinal matrix hemorrhage –> screen US head –> who? (2)

A
  • premature <32wk

- premature –> lethargy, sz, decreased Hb, look sick…

141
Q

germinal matrix hemorrhage –> grading system?

A

1: caudothalamic groove
2: in ventricle –> no dil
3: in ventricles –> dil
4: in parenchyma

142
Q

GMH grade 4 –> MOA?

A

venous infarct

143
Q

GMH grade 1 –> natural course? (2)

A
  • resolve

- subependymal cyst

144
Q

GMH grade 4 –> natural course?

A

porencephalic cyst (infarct –> hole)

145
Q

pyriform aperture stenosis –> CT appearance? measuremt?

A

maxillary spines –> inward bow –> aperture <8mm

146
Q

pyriform aperture stenosis –> assoc? (3)

A
  • holoprosencephaly
  • pituitary dysfx
  • central mega incisor
147
Q

CT show pyriform aperture stenosis –> next step?

A

CT brain

148
Q

cyclical cyanosis –> improve w crying –> dx?

A

bilat choanal atresia

149
Q

3 craniofacial syndromes?

A
  • Crouzons
  • Aperts
  • Treacher-Collins (mandibulo-facial dysostosis)
150
Q

Treacher-Collins synd (mandibulo-facial dysostosis) –> synd? (3)

A
  • maxilla –> narrow –> protrude
  • mandible hypoplasia –> retruded
  • zygomatic arch hypoplasia
151
Q

ectopic thyroid –> imaging modality of choice?

A
  • I-123

- Tc-MIBI

152
Q

birth –> hypothyroid screen –> if abnormal –> next step?

A

workup for:

  • ectopic thyroid
  • enzyme def
153
Q

ectopic thyroid –> MC location?

A

back of tongue –> lingual thyroid

154
Q

child –> midline cyst in neck –> dx?

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

155
Q

thyroglossal duct cyst –> MC location? (2)

A
  • base of tongue

- ant hyoid

156
Q

thyroglossal duct cyst –> tx

A

Sistrunk procedure –> resect:

  • cyst
  • tract
  • hyoid
157
Q

thyroglossal duct cyst –> enhancing nodule –> dx?

A

cancer (usu papillary)

158
Q

imaging demonstrate thyroglossal duct cyst –> next step?

A
  • US –> confirm normal thyroid location

- Tc-MIBI/I-123 –> look for ectopic thyroid

159
Q

neck –> dermoid cyst –> location?

A

midline:
- sublingual
- submandibular

160
Q

neck –> dermoid cyst –> imaging appearance?

A

“sac of marbles” –> fat lobules in fluid

161
Q

MC branchial cleft cyst?

A

2nd branchial cleft cyst

162
Q

2nd branchial cleft cyst –> MC location

A

angle of mandible

163
Q

2nd branchial cleft cyst –> pathognomonic finding?

A

notch sign: just above carotid bifurcation –> cyst bw ICA & ECA

164
Q

18yo –> angle of mandible –> new cyst –> dx? next step?

A

necrotic LN:

  • find cancer
  • bx
165
Q

cyst in lateral neck –> dx?

A

2nd branchial cleft cyst

166
Q

hemangioma of infancy –> key MRI imaging afindings? US?

A

MRI:

  • super T2 bright
  • flow voids

US:
- diffusely vascular

167
Q

hemangioma of infancy –> natural progression?

A

present at 6mo –> grow –> plateau –> involute at 6-10yo

168
Q

hemangioma of infancy –> tx –> indication?

A

lrg size/rapid growth –> mass effect:

  • airway
  • vasc
  • eye
169
Q

hemangioma of infancy –> mass effect on airway –> tx?

A

BB (propranolol)

170
Q

hemangioma of infancy –> assoc synd?

A

PHACES synd

171
Q

differentiate: infantile hemangioma vs congenital hemangioma –>

  • onset?
  • involute?
A

infantile hemangioma:

  • 6mo
  • spont regress

congenital hemangioma:

  • birth
  • spont regress or not
172
Q

OB US –> back of neck –> cystic mass –> dx?

A

cystic hygroma (lymphangioma)

173
Q

cystic hygroma (lymphangioma) –> what location?

A

neck –> post triangle

174
Q

cystic hygroma (lymphangioma) –> assoc? (4)

A
  • Turners
  • Downs
  • aortic coarct
  • fetal hydrops
175
Q

differeniate: cystic hygroma vs hemangioma –>

  • T2
  • enhance?
A

cystic hygroma:

  • T2 bright
  • no enhance

hemangioma:
- T2 bright
- enhance

176
Q

cystic hygroma (lymphangioma) –> finding that indicates worse outcome?

A

septations

177
Q

medulloblastoma –> MC location

A

cerebellar vermis –> midline

178
Q

medulloblastoma –> potential complication? imaging appearance?

A

leptomeningeal mets –> “sugar coating” –> icing-like enhance over brain surface

179
Q

YA –> medulloblastoma –> MC location

A

eccentric –> cerebellar hemisphere

180
Q

medulloblastoma –> imaging appearance:

  • CT –> noncontrast
  • MR –> T2, ADC
  • enhance
A

CT: slight hyperdense (d/t densely packed cells)

MR:

  • T2 hypo
  • ADC low

avid enhance –> heterogenous d/t internal calc/hemorrhage

181
Q

child –> MC suprasellar lesion?

A

craniopharyngioma

182
Q

craniopharyngioma –> embryologic origin?

A

Rathke’s pouch –> squamous epithelial remnants –> produce keratin

183
Q

craniopharyngioma –> epidemiology?

A

bimodal:
- child
- late middle age

184
Q

craniopharyngioma –> pituitary or extra-pituitary?

A

extra-pit

185
Q

craniopharyngioma –> MRI appearance?

A

complex cystic mass:

  • calc
  • can contain protein/blood (T1 hyper)
  • enhance
186
Q

craniopharyngioma –> characteristic gross finding?

A

machine oil

187
Q

retinoblastoma –> age?

A

<5yo

188
Q

retinoblastoma –> CT appearance?

A

retinal mass:

  • hyperdense
  • calc
  • enhance
189
Q

what is trilat retinoblastoma?

A
  • bilat retinoblastoma

- pineal gland –> pineoblastoma

190
Q

what is quadrilat retinoblastoma?

A
  • bilat retinoblastoma
  • pineoblastoma
  • suprasellar retinoblastoma
191
Q

Chiari II –> MOA?

A

myelomeningocele –> CSF loss –> post fossa –> sump type effect

192
Q

child –> MC primary brain tumor

A

juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma

193
Q

juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma –> 2 MC location

A 
#1 cerebellum
#2 optic chiasm
194
Q

juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma –> assoc synd?

A

NF1

195
Q

juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma –> classic imaging appearance?

A

cerebellum –> cystic lesion –> enhancing mural nodule

CORE (33 decks)

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