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CORE > MSK Trauma > Flashcards

MSK Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

differentiate: fatigue fx vs insuff fx

A

fatigue: normal bone –> repetitive stress –> fx
insuff: abn bone –> normal stress –> fx

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2
Q

tenosynovitis –> cause? (3)

A
  • repetitive motion
  • inflamm arthritis
  • infx
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3
Q

tenosynovitis –> MRI appearance?

A

tendon –> completely surround by fluid

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4
Q

what is stenosing tenosynovitis?

A

tendon sheath –> several loculated fluid collections

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5
Q

what is myxoid degeneration (tendinosis)?

A

age/over-use –> tendon –> non-inflamm degen

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6
Q

myxoid degeneration (tendinosis) –> MRI appearance?

A

tendon:
- normal size or enlrg
- intermed signal within

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7
Q

Jones fx –> location?

A

5th metatarsal –> prox –> meta-diaphysis jx

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8
Q

pseudo-Jones fx (metatarsal base avulsion fx) –> location?

A

5th metatarsal base –> intra-articular

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9
Q

differentiate: Jones vs pseudo-Jones fx –> prognosis? tx?

A

Jones fx:

  • reduced blood supply –> worse prognosis
  • tx variable –> maybe surg

pseudoJones:
- conservative managemt

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10
Q

pseudo-Jones fx (metatarsal base avulsion fx) –> which tendon?

A

peroneus brevis

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11
Q

what is Freiberg’s infraction?

A

2nd metatarsal –> head –> avascular necrosis

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12
Q

Freiberg’s infraction –> epidemiology?

A

young F

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13
Q

Freiberg’s infraction –> cause? (2)

A
  • repetitive stress

- poor fit shoes (heels)

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14
Q

1st toe –> sesamoid fx –> MOA?

A

1st MTP:

  • extreme hyperextend
  • dorsal dislocate
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15
Q

what is turf toe?

A

wide range of injuries of 1st MTP jt –> include sesamoid fx

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16
Q

Lisfranc injury –> 2 dislocation types?

A
  • divergent: 1st metatarsal –> medial dislocate

- homolat: all metatarsals –> lat dislocate

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17
Q

what is Kohler dz?

A

peds –> navicular –> osteonecrosis

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18
Q

what is Mueller-Weiss dz?

A

adult –> navicular –> osteonecrosis

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19
Q

Kohler dz –> epidemiology?

A

M

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20
Q

Mueller-Weiss dz –> epidemiology?

A

F

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21
Q

differentiate: Kohler dz vs Mueller-Weiss dz –> prognosis?

A

Kohler –> self-limited

Mueller-Weiss: more severe in course

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22
Q

what is Chopart jt?

A

talonavicular + calcaneocuboid jt

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23
Q

Chopart fx-dislocation –> assoc fx? (3)

A
  • calcaneus
  • cuboid
  • navicular
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24
Q

what is lover’s fx?

A

fall from ht –> calcaneus fx

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25
Q

traumatic calcaneus fx –> next step? why?

A

high assoc:

  • lumbar fx
  • traumatic aortic injury
  • renal vascular pedicle avulsion

–> further imaging –> lumbar and/or abd

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26
Q

how to measure Boehler angle? normal measuremt?

A
  • posterior tuberosity sup aspect –> post subtalar facet sup aspect
  • ant process sup aspect –> post subtalar articular surface sup aspect

normal: 20-40 deg

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27
Q

calcaneus fx –> diagnostic Boehler angle?

A

<20 deg

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28
Q

calcaneus stress fx –> imaging appearance? Boehler angle?

A
  • calcaneus –> intact cortex –> fluffy band of sclerosis

- normal Boehler angle

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29
Q

talus fx –> which parts of talus can be fractured? (5)

A
  • lat process
  • post process
  • head
  • body
  • neck
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30
Q

Hawkins classification –> use for what fx?

A

talar neck fx

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31
Q

talar neck fx –> potential comp?

A

disrupt blood supply –> avascular necrosis

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32
Q

what is Hawkins sign?

A

talar neck fx –> ankle immobilize –> 6-8wk –> intact blood supply –> active hyperemia –> inc bone resorb –> frontal ankle XR –> subchondral lucent band –> good prognosis

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33
Q

talar neck fx –> no Hawkins sign –> suggests?

A

avascular necrosis

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34
Q

hindfoot (tarsal) coalition –> 2 MC types?

A
  • talocalcaneal

- calcaneonavicular

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35
Q

what is C sign?

A

fused middle subtalar jt –> medial talus - sustenaculum tali –> talocalcaneal coalition

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36
Q

calcaneonavicular coalition –> fusion of which parts?

A

calcaneus ant process –> navicular

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37
Q

calcaneonavicular coalition –> sign?

A

anteater sign

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38
Q

Danis-Weber classification?

A
  • Weber A: distal fibula fx –> intact syndesmosis
  • B: prox trans-syndesmotic fx –> partial syndesmotic rupture
  • C: high fibula fx above syndesmosis –> assoc total syndesmotic rupture & ankle mortise instable
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39
Q

direction mechanism of trauma?

  • Weber A
  • B
  • C
A
  • Weber A: supination-adduction
  • B: supination-ext rot
  • C: pronation-ext rot
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40
Q

triplane fx –> 3 components?

A
  • epiphysis –> vertical
  • physis –> horizontal
  • metaphysis –> oblique
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41
Q

what is Wagstaffe-LeFort fx?

A

avulsion fx –> distal fibula –> ant –> ATFL

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42
Q

what is maisonneuve fx?

A

prox fibula fx –> assoc interosseous membrane tear or medial malleolus fx –> wide ankle mortise

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43
Q

what is Pilon fx?

A

distal tibia –> comminute vertical fx –> tibial plafond disrupt

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44
Q

Pilon fx –> MOA?

A

axial loading

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45
Q

achilles thicken –> ddx? (2)

A
  • achilles tendinosis

- hyperlipid –> xanthoma

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46
Q

Kager’s fat pad –> inc soft tissue –> ddx? (3)

A
  • # 1 access soleus muscle
  • Achilles tendon injury
  • Haglund dz (Mulholland deformity)
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47
Q

what is Haglund synd (Mulholland deformity)?

A

poor fit shoes –> Haglund deformity (“pump bump”) –> retrocalcaneal bursitis –> distal Achilles tendon –> thicken

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48
Q

knee dislocation –> next step? why?

A

high risk –> popliteal A injury –> CT angio

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49
Q

knee dislocation –> MC type?

A

ant

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50
Q

tibial plateau fx –> lat vs medial –> which is more stable?

A

lat

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51
Q

differentiate: meniscal injury –> red zone vs central –> prognosis?

A
  • red zone: vascular zone –> heal spont or w surg

- central: avascular –> not heal

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52
Q

meniscus –> myxoid degen –> imaging appearance?

A

inc signal –> not extend to surface

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53
Q

meniscal tear –> MC type?

A

oblique/horizontal tear

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54
Q

meniscus –> oblique/horizontal tear –> MC location?

A

medial meniscus –> post horn

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55
Q

meniscus –> oblique/horizontal tear –> MC etiology?

A

degen

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56
Q

meniscus –> what is bucket handle tear?

A

vertical tear –> inner edge –> displace

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57
Q

meniscus –> bucket handle tear –> most sensitive sign?

A

“absent bow tie”

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58
Q

meniscus –> bucket handle tear –> displaced inner edge –> MC location?

A

intercondylar notch

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59
Q

meniscus tear –> double delta sign indicates?

A

either meniscus –> bucket handle tear –> ant displacement

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60
Q

meniscus tear –> double PCL sign indicates?

A

medial meniscus –> bucket handle tear –> post displacement

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61
Q

meniscus –> radial (transverse) tear –> sign? (3)

A
  • “marching cleft” sign
  • “ghost meniscus”
  • “truncated triangle”
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62
Q

meniscus tear –> what is marching cleft sign?

A

meniscal tear –> oriented obliquely in relation to both coronal and sagittal plane –> tear cleft mv toward/away from free meniscal edge on consecutive sagittal images

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63
Q

meniscus tear –> which type has high rate of meniscal extrusion?

A

radial (transverse)

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64
Q

what is meniscal cyst?

A

meniscus tear –> jt fluid extend into –> loculated fluid adj to meniscus

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65
Q

meniscal cyst –> MC assoc meniscus tear?

A

horizontal tear

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66
Q

what is discoid meniscus?

A

congenital malformation –> meniscus –> range thick to complete disc-shape –> meniscus extend into central tibial plateau

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67
Q

discoid meniscus –> ssx?

A
  • jt pain
  • clicking
  • locking
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68
Q

discoid meniscus –> inc risk for? (2)

A
  • cystic degen

- tear

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69
Q

discoid meniscus –> MC in lat or medial meniscus?

A

lat

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70
Q

discoid meniscus –> imaging appearance?

A

meniscus –> sagittal –> oval or bowtie –> >3 contiguous slices

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71
Q

ACL –> 2 attachmts? which attachmt is stronger?

A
  • femoral intercondylar notch

- ant tibial plateau –> stronger

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72
Q

ACL –> 2 fiber bundles? which is smaller/larger?

A
  • ant-med band –> small

- post-lat –> lrger

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73
Q

ACL injury –> 3 assoc injuries?

A
  • meniscal tear
  • MCL tear
  • postlat corner knee injury
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74
Q

what is O’Donoghue’s triad?

A
  • ACL injury
  • meniscal tear
  • MCL tear
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75
Q

ACL injury –> charact bone contusion pattern?

A
  • lat femoral condyle

- postlat tibial plateau

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76
Q

ACL injury –> PCL appearance?

A

tibia –> ant displace –> PCL buckling

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77
Q

XR finding –> suggests ACL injury?

A

Segond fx

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78
Q

what is Segond fx?

A

lat capsular lig –> lat tibial plateau –> avulsion fx

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79
Q

Segond fx –> assoc injuries? (2)

A
  • ACL

- IT band

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80
Q

IT band –> inserts?

A

tibia –> Gerdy’s tubercle

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81
Q

XR –> Segond fx –> next step?

A

MRI –> look for ACL injury

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82
Q

ACL graft –> should run parallel to what structure? what “line” is used to assess this?

A

parallel to intercondylar notch –> behind Blumensaat’s line

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83
Q

ACL graft –> too steep –> potential comp?

A

extend leg –> graft impinged by femur

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84
Q

ACL graft –> too lax –> potential comp?

A

not provide enough knee stability

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85
Q

ACL reconstruction –> what is cyclops lesion?

A

potential comp of ACL reconstruction –> nodular scarring in Hoffa’s fat pad

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86
Q

ACL vs PCL –> which is stronger?

A

PCL

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87
Q

PCL –> attachmts?

A
  • femoral intercondylar notch (ant to ACL)

- post tib plateau

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88
Q

PCL injury –> typical MRI appearance?

A
  • inc laxity

- +/- abnormal T2 signal

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89
Q

knee –> extensor mechanism –> 3 components?

A
  • quad tendon
  • patella
  • patellar tendon
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90
Q

quad muscles? (4)

A
  • vastus –> intermedius, medialis, lateralis

- rectus femoris

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91
Q

patella alta –> Insall-Salvati ratio?

A

> 1.2

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92
Q

patella baja –> Insall-Salvati ratio?

A

<0.8

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93
Q

Insall-Salvati ratio –> best measured on sagittal view with how much (deg) flexion?

A

30deg

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94
Q

quad tendon tear –> ssx? (1)

A

can’t extend knee

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95
Q

quad tendon tear –> XR finding?

A

patella baja

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96
Q

patellar tendon tear –> ssx? (1)

A

can’t extend knee

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97
Q

patellar tendon tear –> XR finding?

A

patella alta

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98
Q

patellar tendinosis (jumper’s knee) –> MRI appearance?

A

patellar tendon –> thick

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99
Q

lat patella dislocation –> charact pattern of injury?

A
  • bone contusion:
    • lat femoral condyle
    • medial patella facet
  • medial retinaculum tear
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100
Q

what is Osgood-Schlatter dz? etiology? epidemiology?

A

adol –> repetitive microtrauma –> tibial tubercle –> osteochondrosis

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101
Q

Osgood-Schlatter dz –> XR appearance?

A
  • tibial tuberosity –> enlrg, fragmted

- adj edema

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102
Q

Osgood-Schlatter dz –> MR appearance?

A
  • tibial tubercle –> BM edema
  • distal patellar tendon –> inc signal
  • Hoffa’s fat pad –> edema
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103
Q

MCL –> 2 attachmts?

A
  • medial femoral condyle –> post aspect

- tibial metaphysis –> medial aspect –> deep to pes anserinus

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104
Q

MCL injury –> 3 grades?

A
  • Grade 1 –> MCL sprain –> lig normal signal, soft tissue high signal
  • 2 –> severe sprain/partial tear –> lig high signal or partial disrupt
  • 3 –> complete tear –> complete disrupt
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105
Q

what is Pellegrini-Stieda lesion?

A

MCL avulsion injury –> medial femoral condyle –> adj calc

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106
Q

lat collateral lig (LCL) complex –> 3 components?

A
  • biceps femoris tendon
  • LCL
  • IT band
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107
Q

knee –> postlat corner –> componts? (4)

A
  • LCL complex
  • arcuate lig
  • popliteofibular lig
  • popliteus tendon
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108
Q

knee –> postlat corner injury –> surgical-near emergency –> T/F?

A

T

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109
Q

IT band synd –> epidemiology? MOA? ssx?

A

runner –> antlat femur & IT band tendon friction –> antlat knee pain

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110
Q

IT band synd –> MRI appearance?

A

fluid –> both sides of IT band

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111
Q

patella –> 3 facets?

A
  • odd
  • med
  • lat
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112
Q

cartilage thinning –> reported measuremts?

A
  • <50%
  • 50%
  • > 50%
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113
Q

cartilage injury –> 3 types of manifestations?

A
  • surface irreg
  • fissure
  • delamination
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114
Q

cartilage injury –> what is delamination?

A

dissecting detachmt of cartilage undersurface from bone

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115
Q

what is osteochondrosis dissecans? epidemiology?

A

adol –> repetitive trauma –> cartilage dehydrate & stiffen –> greater force on subchondral bone –> osteochondral injury

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116
Q

osteochondrosis dissecans –> MC jts? (3)

A
  • # 1 knee
  • # 2 ankle
  • elbow
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117
Q

osteochondrosis dissecans –> knee –> location?

A

med femoral condyle –> lat aspect

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118
Q

osteochondrosis dissecans –> ankle –> location?

A

talar dome:

  • postmed
  • antlat
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119
Q

osteochondrosis dissecans –> elbow –> location?

A

capitellum –> antlat

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120
Q

elbow –> osteochondrosis dissecans –> epidemiology? (2)

A
  • gymnast

- throwing athlete

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121
Q

unstable osteochondral fragmt –> appearance?

A

lesion is not attached to bone –> curvilinear fluid signal bw fragmt & bone

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122
Q

OCD –> MRI stages? (4) which are unstable?

A
  • stage 1: intact articular cartilage
  • 2: articular cartilage defect
  • 3: displaceable frgmt –> unstable
  • 4: displaced frgmt –> unstable
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123
Q

OCD –> MRI stages 1-4 –> XR appearance?

A
  • stage 1: normal
  • 2: semicircular frgmt
  • 3: semicircular frgmt
  • 4: defect or loose body
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124
Q

OCD –> MRI stages 1-4 –> T2 appearance?

A
  • stage 1: BM edema
  • 2: surrounding low signal, cartilage defect
  • 3: surrounding high signal
  • 4: defect and/or loose body
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125
Q

what is osteochondral injury?

A

cartilage & bone –> acute traumatic injury (not repetitive)

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126
Q

what is pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS)?

A

synovium –> hyperplastic prolif –> benign tumor

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127
Q

same process as pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) –> occurs outside the jt –> dx?

A

giant cell tumor of tendon sheath

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128
Q

pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) –> MC location?

A

knee

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129
Q

pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) –> ssx? (3)

A
  • knee pain
  • swelling
  • knee effusion –> dark brown (d/t prior hemorrhage)
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130
Q

pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) –> MR appearance?

  • T1
  • T2
  • GRE
A

recurrent hemorrhage –> hemosiderin:

  • T1 dark
  • T2 dark
  • GRE bloom
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131
Q

what is lipoma arborescens?

A

intracapsule –> synovium –> fatty tissue –> overgrow –> fatty mass –> lobulated & globular

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132
Q

lipoma arborescens –> tx? why?

A

synovectomy –> prevent premature OA

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133
Q

Baker’s cyst –> MC location?

A

Baker’s M&M:

  • semiMembranosus
  • Med head of gastrocnemius
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134
Q

what is Baker’s cyst?

A

knee jt –> ball-valve type comm –> popliteal cyst

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135
Q

Baker’s cyst –> ddx? (1)

A

popliteal aneurysm

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136
Q

what is tennis leg?

A

tear:
- plantaris tendon
- medial head of gastrocnemius

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137
Q

what “line” represents border ant column of acetabulum?

A

iliopectineal (iliopubic) line

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138
Q

what “line” represents border post column of acetabulum?

A

ilioischial line

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139
Q

acetabulum fx –> Judet-Letournel classification –> 5 elementary patterns?

A
  • post wall fx
  • post column
  • ant wall
  • ant column
  • transverse
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140
Q

hip fx –> intracapsular types? (2)

A
  • femoral head

- neck

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141
Q

intracapsular hip fx –> potential comp?

A

osteonecrosis

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142
Q

femoral head –> major blood supply? minor?

A
  • # 1 circumflex femoral A

- lig teres

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143
Q

femoral neck fx –> 3 types? MC type?

A
  • # 1 subcapital
  • transcervical
  • basicervical
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144
Q

subcapital femoral neck fx –> Garden classification?

A
  • stage I: impacted or incomplete –> valgus
  • II: complete, nondisplaced
  • III: complete, partial displace –> varus
  • IV: complete, full displace –> varus
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145
Q

subcapital femoral neck fx –> normal vs varus vs valgus –> angle measuremts?

A
  • valgus >180
  • varus <160
  • normal 160
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146
Q

hip arthroplasty –> how to optimize MRI?

  • field strength
  • FSE vs GRE
  • receiver bandwidth
  • number of acquisitions (NEX)
  • artifact direction
  • voxel size
  • slice thickness
  • matrix size
A
  • field strength: low as poss
  • FSE vs GRE: FSE
  • receiver bandwidth: inc as much as poss
  • number of acquisitions (NEX): inc
  • artifact direction: sup-inf
  • voxel size: dec
  • slice thickness: dec
  • matrix size: inc
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147
Q

hip fx –> MRI appearance?

A
  • fx line –> T1/T2 dark

- BM edema –> T2 bright

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148
Q

what is magic angle artifact?

A

short TE seq –> tendon –> oriented 55 deg to magnet bore –> inc signal artifact

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149
Q

short TE –> which seq? (3)

A
  • T1
  • proton density
  • GRE
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150
Q

hip –> stress fx –> MC location? less common location?

A
  • # 1 femoral neck –> infmed

- femoral head –> sup

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151
Q

differentiate: femoral head stress fx vs hip AVN –> imaging appearance?

A

stress fx –> subchondral line:

  • irreg
  • convex to articular surface

AVN –> subchondral line:

  • smooth
  • concave
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152
Q

hip AVN –> RF? (2)

A
  • steroid use

- alcohol abuse

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153
Q

femur –> stress fx –> atypical location? poss etiology?

A

bisphosphonate use:

  • diaphysis –> lat
  • diaphysis –> transverse
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154
Q

hip –> stress fx –> edema should be resolved by?

A

8wk

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155
Q

hip –> stress fx –> conservative tx for 8 wk –> f/u MRI –> persistent edema –> indicates?

A

tx fail

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156
Q

stress fx –> other sites in pelvis? (3)

A
  • pubic rami
  • sacrum
  • acetabulum –> roof
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157
Q

what is AVN? what is osteonecrosis?

A

AVN: epiphysis/subchondral –> focal ischemia

osteonecrosis: bone & BM –> necrosis

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158
Q

AVN –> natural progression of dz?

A

focal ischemia –> trabecula necrosis –> inc risk for stress fx –> collapse –> 2ary OA

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159
Q

AVN + splenomeg –> dx?

A

Gaucher dz

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160
Q

AVN + small calcified spleen –> dx?

A

sickle cell

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161
Q

AVN –> etiology? (4)

A
  • trauma
  • red cell abnormal –> sickle cell
  • marrow packing abnormal –> Gaucher
  • meds –> steroid, alcohol, transplant immunosupp
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162
Q

hip –> b/l AVN –> suggests what type of etiology?

A

systemic

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163
Q

AVN –> MC location? 2nd MC?

A
  • # 1 prox femur

- #2 prox humerus

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164
Q

what is Ficat staging used for?

A

hip AVN –> XR appearance –> staging

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165
Q

hip AVN –> Ficat staging? tx?

A
  • stage 1: normal XR –> core femoral head drill
  • 2: cystic & sclerotic change –> core femoral head drill
  • 3: subchondral collapse –> variable tx
  • 4: femoral head flat, 2ary OA –> jt replace
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166
Q

AVN –> MRI appearance –> 2 classification systems?

A
  • modified Ficat

- Mitchell system

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167
Q

hip AVN –> MC MRI appearance?

A
  • geographic subchondral lesion

- serpentine rim –> T1 dark

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168
Q

pathognomonic sign for AVN?

A

“double line” sign –> T2:

  • peripheral rim –> dark
  • inner band –> bright
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169
Q

transient BM edema (TBME; transient osteoporosis of hip) –> classic clinical presentation?

A

young-middle age adult –> M –> severe hip pain

170
Q

transient BM edema (TBME; transient osteoporosis of hip) –> XR appearance?

A
  • femoral head –> osteopenia
  • normal jt space, acetabulum
  • no erosion
171
Q

transient BM edema (TBME; transient osteoporosis of hip) –> dx of exclusion –> T/F?

172
Q

labral injury –> MC location?

173
Q

what is femoroacetabular impingemt?

A

extreme ROM –> abnormal abutmt of femur w acetabulum

174
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> clinical or imaging dx?

175
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> natural progression of dz?

A

young athlete –> impingmt –> microtrauma –> chronic –> early OA

176
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> RF for what injury?

177
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> 3 types? where is the abrnomality?

A
  • cam-type –> femoral head/neck jx
  • pincer-type –> acetabulum
  • mixed –> both
178
Q

imaging findings of femoroacetabular impingemt –> impression?

A

findings may predispose to impingemt in the presence of pain

179
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> cam-type –> abnrmoal bump on femoral head/neck jx –> etiology? (4)

A
  • childhood SCFE
  • Legg-Calve-Perthes
  • DDH –> sequela
  • fx malunion
180
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> cam-type –> epidemiology?

A

young athlete M

181
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> cam-type –> deformity appearance?

A

“pistol grip”

182
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> cam-type –> tx?

A

femoral osteoplasty

183
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> cam-type –> alpha angle is a measure of what?

A

degree of abnormal femoral bump

184
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> cam-type –> angle angle –> how to measure?

A
  • line thru femoral neck

- line –> femoral head center –> most prox abnormal contour of femoral neck

185
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> cam-type –> abnormal angle angle –> measuremt?

186
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> pincer-type –> epidemiology?

A

middle age F

187
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> pincer-type –> tx?

A

surg –> trim acetabular rim

188
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> pincer-type –> what is crossover sign (cranial acetabular retroversion)?

A

XR –> frontal –> ant acetabular wall –> sup aspect –> cross over to post acetabular wall

189
Q

femoroacetabular impingemt –> MC type?

190
Q

thoracolumbar spine –> ant column –> componts?

A
  • vertebral body –> ant 2/3

- ALL

191
Q

thoracolumbar spine –> middle column –> componts?

A
  • vertebral body –> post 1/3

- PLL

192
Q

thoracolumbar spine –> post column –> componts?

A
  • post elemts

- post lig –> supraspinous, infraspinous, lig flavum

193
Q

thoracolumbar spine –> post column –> 3 columns –> injury to 1 vs 2 vs 3 columns –> stability?

A
  • 1: stable
  • 2: un/stable
  • 3: unstable
194
Q

chance fx (seat belt fx) –> MOA?

A

sudden decel –> spine –> acute forward flex –> flexion distraction injury

195
Q

chance fx (seat belt fx) –> appearance?

A

horizontal split: post elemt –> vertebral body

196
Q

basion-dental interval –> normal?

197
Q

atlanto-dental (atlanto-axial) interval (ADI) –> normal?

A
  • adult <2.5mm

- child <5

198
Q

what is Jefferson fx? MOA?

A

axial force –> C1 –> ant & post arch –> symm fx

199
Q

odontoid fx –> 3 types? stability?

A
  • type 1: dens tip –> stable
  • 2: base –> unstable
  • 3: extend to C2 body –> un/stable
200
Q

what is Hangman’s fx? MOA?

A

hyperextend –> C2 –> bilat pedicles/pars interarticularis –> fx

201
Q

what is clay-shoveler’s fx? MOA?

A

hyperflex –> C6-T1 –> spinous process –> fx

202
Q

odontoid fx –> type 2 –> tx?

A

surg fusion

203
Q

Hangman’s fx –> charact XR finding?

A

spinolaminar line –> disrupt

204
Q

Hangman’s fx –> likely unstable –> what measuremt?

A

C2-C3 displace >3mm

205
Q

what is burst fx? MOA?

A

axial load –> C2-C7 –> same as Jefferson fx

206
Q

what is flexion teardrop fx? MOA?

A

hyperflex & compress –> vertebral body –> post displace –> into spinal canal

207
Q

flexion teardrop fx –> key XR finding? etiology?

A

ALL avulsion –> vertebral body –> antinf –> bone frgmt

208
Q

flexion teardrop fx –> potential comp?

A

ant cord synd –> compress pyramidal tract & ant spinothalamic tract

209
Q

flexion teardrop fx –> ant cord synd –> clinical presentation?

A
  • complete paralysis

- loss –> pain & temp

210
Q

differentiate: flexion vs extension teardrop fx

  • location?
  • stability?
A

ext:
- higher cervical –> C2-3
- stable

flex:
- lower cervical
- unstable

211
Q

differentiate: flexion vs extension teardrop fx –> lat XR –> appearance?

A

ext:
- antinf avulsion frgmt
- no sublux
- spinolaminar line intact

flex:
- antinf avulsion frgmt
- sublux
- spinolaminar line disrupt

212
Q

what is bilat interfacetal dislocation (bilat locked facets)? MOA? MC location?

A

hyperflex –> lower cervical –> all spinal lig –> complete disrupt –> vertebra –> ant dislocate –> >50%

213
Q

perched facet –> how much ant sublux –> measuremt?

A

> 3mm, but less than 50%

214
Q

what is naked facet sign?

A

sup articular facet –> not covered by adj inf facet

215
Q

differentiate –> bilat vs unilat locked facet –> stability?

A

bilat –> unstable

unilat –> stable

216
Q

what is Grisel synd? MC etiology?

A

pharyngitis/retropharyngeal mass –> inflamm mass –> C1-C2 –> rotatory subluxation

217
Q

AC jt injury –> epidemiology? MOA?

A

YA athlete –> lat shoulder –> downward blow

218
Q

AC jt space –> normal measuremt?

219
Q

coracoclavicular jt space –> normal measuremt?

220
Q

bilat –> AC & coracoclavicular jt –> asymm of how much is abnormal?

221
Q

AC jt injury –> grading system?

A
  • grade I: AC lig sprain –> normal XR
  • II: AC disrupt, CC intact
  • III: AC + CC disrupt
  • IV: distal clavicle –> post displace
  • V: severe grade 3 –> >100% displace
  • VI: distal clavicle –> inf displace
222
Q

what is Hill-Sachs lesion? location?

A

humeral head –> postlat aspect –> compression fx

223
Q

Hill-Sachs lesion –> XR –> best seen on what view?

A

AP –> int rot

224
Q

what is Bankart –> lesion vs bony? location?

A

glenoid –> ant-inf rim:

  • lesion –> labrum only (+ periosteum)
  • bony –> fx
225
Q

shoulder –> post dislocation –> etiology?

A

severe muscle spasm:

  • sz
  • electrocute
226
Q

post shoulder dislocate –> XR –> best seen on what view?

A

transscapular Y

227
Q

post shoulder dislocate –> XR –> Grashey view –> appearance?

A

humeral head –> overlap w glenoid

228
Q

post shoulder dislocate –> 2 signs?

A
  • lightbulb sign –> fixed int rot –> humeral head appearance
  • trough sign (reverse Hill-sachs) –> humeral head –> antmed aspect –> compression fx
229
Q

inf shoulder dislocate (luxatio erecta) –> assoc injuries? (2)

A
  • rotator cuff tear

- grter tuberosity fx

230
Q

inf shoulder dislocate (luxatio erecta) –> potential comp?

A

axillary nerve/art injury

231
Q

inject fluid –> glenohumeral jt –> extend into subacromial/subdeltoid bursa –> dx?

A

complete rot cuff tear

232
Q

shoulder impingemt synd –> clinical or imaging dx?

233
Q

shoulder impingemt synd –> extrnsic impingmt –> 2 types? which is MC?

A
  • # 1 primary external impingemt

- subcoracoid impingemt

234
Q

shoulder impingemt synd –> extrnsic impingmt –> primary external subtype –> MOA?

A

coracoacromial arch –> variant anatomy:

  • subacromial enthesophyte
  • hooked acromion
  • AC jt osteophyte
  • os acromiale
  • thick corocoacromial lig
235
Q

shoulder impingemt synd –> extrnsic impingmt –> primary external subtype –> epidemiology?

A

young athlete –> repetitive overhead mvmt (throwing)

236
Q

shoulder impingemt synd –> extrnsic impingmt –> primary external subtype –> chronic –> comp?

A
  • supraspin tendon +/- long head biceps tendon –> degen/tear
  • subacromial/subdeltoid bursitis
237
Q

shoulder impingemt synd –> extrnsic impingmt –> subcoracoid impingemt subtype –> MOA?

A

narrow coracohumeral distance

238
Q

shoulder impingemt synd –> intrnsic impingmt –> MOA?

A

rot cuff/jt capsule –> abnormality –> glenohumeral instable

239
Q

os acromiale –> can be asympt –> what imaging finding suggests os may be cause of pain?

240
Q

os acromiale –> tx?

A
  • resect

- fuse

241
Q

rot cuff –> 4 componts?

A
  • supraspin
  • infraspin
  • teres min
  • subscap
242
Q

rot cuff –> which insert on grter tuberosity? lesser?

A

grter:
- supraspin
- infraspin
- teres min

lesser:
- subscap

243
Q

rot cuff –> what is “footprint”?

A

attachmt of tendons at grter tuberosity

244
Q

rot cuff –> what is “critical zone”?

A

supraspin tendon –> 1cm prox to insertion site –> potentially undervascularized –> predispose to rupture

245
Q

rot cuff –> 2 MC injured compont? least?

A 
#1 supraspin
#2 infraspin

least –> teres min

246
Q

rot cuff –> partial tear –> 3 types? MC?

A
  • # 1 articular surface
  • bursal surface
  • intrasubstance
247
Q

rot cuff –> what is “rim rent” tear?

A

aka partial thickness articular supraspin tendon avulsion (PASTA) lesion:
supraspin –> insertion site –> articular surface –> avulsion –> partial tear

248
Q

rot cuff –> what is “PAINT” lesion?

A

partial articular tear w intratendinous extension: PASTA/rim rent tear –> tear extend into tendon

249
Q

supraspin tear –> 1/3 assoc other injuries? (2)

A
  • infraspin tear

- biceps tendon injury

250
Q

RA –> rot cuff complete tear –> chronic –> classic appearance?

A

humeral head –> migrate sup –> may articulate w acromion

251
Q

rot cuff –> full thick tear –> how classified?

A

length of affected tendon:

  • <1cm small
  • > 5cm massive
252
Q

rot cuff atrophy –> MCC? less common cause?

A
  • # 1 chronic rot cuff tear

less common –> denervation

253
Q

rot cuff tear –> fatty degen –> how long after injury? reversible or irrev?

A

4wk –> irrev

254
Q

rot cuff –> fatty infilt –> assess on which plane?

255
Q

rot cuff –> fatty infilt –> classification system?

A

Goutallier classification

256
Q

Goutallier classification?

A
  • grade 0: normal, no fat
  • 1: few fat streaks
  • 2: muscle > fat
  • 3: muscle = fat
  • 4: msucle < fat
257
Q

denervation –> rot cuff atrophy –> assoc finding?

A

paralabral cyst

258
Q

what is adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)?

A

jt capsule & synovium –> inflamm –> jt capsule thick & contract

259
Q

adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) –> clinical or imaging dx?

260
Q

adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) –> MRI finding? (2) measuremt?

A
  • jt capsule & synovium –> thick >4mm

- rot cuff interval –> loss of fat

261
Q

shoulder –> what is rotator interval?

A

bw supraspin & subscap tendons –> triangle region –> allow rotation mvmt around coracoid

262
Q

shoulder –> rotator interval –> contains what 3 struct?

A
  • coracohumeral lig
  • long head biceps tendon
  • sup glenohumeral lig
263
Q

3 glenohumeral lig?

A
  • sup
  • middle
  • inf
264
Q

coracohumeral lig –> attachmts?

A
  • coracoid process

- humerus –> grter tubercle

265
Q

“biceps pulley” –> 3 compnts?

A
  • sup glenohumeral lig
  • coracohumeral lig
  • supraspin tendon
266
Q

coracohumeral lig –> location –> internal or ext to jt capsule?

267
Q

sup glenohumeral lig –> attachmts?

A
  • scapula –> supraglenoid tubercle-

- humerus –> lesser tuberosity

268
Q

middle glenohumeral lig –> attachmts?

A
  • scapula –> supraglenoid tubercle-

- humerus –> lesser tuberosity

269
Q

middle glenohumeral lig –> congenitally absent –> what % of pts?

270
Q

middle glenohumeral lig –> tear –> assoc other injury?

A

sup labrum tear

271
Q

inf glenohumeral lig –> attachmts?

A
  • humerus –> anatomic neck

- inf glenoid labrum

272
Q

inf glenohumeral lig –> 3 compnts?

A
  • ant band
  • axillary pouch
  • post band
273
Q

capsulolabral complex –> abduction & ext rot stability –> #1 important compnt?

A

inf glenohumeral lig

274
Q

long head biceps tendon –> attachmt?

A

antsup glenoid rim

275
Q

long head biceps tendon –> fluid in tendon sheath –> can be normal –> why?

A

biceps tendon sheath –> comm w glenohumeral jt

276
Q

what is biceps pulley? fx?

A

bicipital groove –> capsuloligamentous complex –> sling –> stabliize biceps tendon

277
Q

biceps tendon sublux –> definition?

A

tendon –> bicipital groove –> displaced from, but still in contact w

278
Q

biceps tendon sublux/dislocation –> assoc other injury?

A

transverse lig injury

279
Q

transverse humeral lig –> attachmts?

A
  • grter tuberosity

- lesser tuberosity

280
Q

biceps tendon dislocation –> assoc other 2 injuries in conjunction?

A
  • transverse lig

- biceps pulley

281
Q

biceps tendon –> medial dislocation –> assoc other injury?

A

subscap tendon tear

282
Q

what is shoulder instability?

A

mv –> humeral head –> abnormal motion relative to glenoid

283
Q

shoulder instability –> 3 manifestations?

A
  • dislocate
  • sublux
  • microinstable
284
Q

glenohumeral jt –> soft tissue stabilizers –> dynamic componts? (2)

A
  • rot cuff

- biceps tendon

285
Q

glenohumeral jt –> soft tissue stabilizers –> static componts? (4)

A

capsulo-labro-lig complex:

  • bony glenoid fossa
  • labrum
  • coracohumeral lig
  • sup/mid/inf glenohumeral lig
286
Q

glenohumeral jt –> traumatic instability –> aka?

A

TUBS:

  • traumatic
  • unidirectional
  • Bankart
  • surgical
287
Q

glenohumeral jt –> atraumatic instability –> 2 types?

A

AIOS:

  • acquired
  • instability
  • overstress
  • surgery

AMBRI:

  • atraumatic
  • multidirectional
  • bilat
  • rehab
  • inf capsule shift
288
Q

glenohumeral jt –> atraumatic instability –> AIOS subtype –> epidemiology? MOA?

A

athlete –> repetitive mvmt

289
Q

glenohumeral jt –> atraumatic instability –> AMBRI subtype –> etiology?

A

congenital jt lax

290
Q

shoulder –> labral injury –> how to describe location of injury? (2)

A
  • clock

- sextant

291
Q

shoulder –> what is sublabral foramen?

A

10% –> normal variant –> labrum –> antsup segmt –> not attached to bony glenoid

292
Q

shoulder –> what is Buford complex?

A
  1. 5% –> normal variant:
    - labrum –> antsup segmt –> absent
    - middle glenohumeral lig –> thick cord-like
293
Q

shoulder instability lesions –> MC location?

A
  • antinf aspect of glenohumeral jt

- assoc w ant band of inf glenohumeral lig

294
Q

what is glenoid labrum ovoid mass (GLOM) sign?

A

ant labrum –> tear –> retract sup –> dark ovoid mass ant to labrum

295
Q

MRI –> shoulder –> intra-articular –> black mass –> ddx? (3)

A
  • GLOM sign
  • dislocated biceps tendon
  • air bubble
296
Q

bony Bankart –> RF for what?

A

glenoid insuff –> recurrent dislocate

297
Q

what is ant labro-lig periosteal sleeve avulsion (ALPSA)?

A

Bankart lesion –> but intact periosteum

298
Q

ant labro-lig periosteal sleeve avulsion (ALPSA) –> balled-up labrum –> displaces to what location?

299
Q

what is Perthes lesion?

A

labrum –> antinf avulsion –> remain attached to periosteum

300
Q

Perthes lesion –> best imaging modality? best positioning?

A

MR arthrography –> abd-ext rot (ABER)

301
Q

what is humeral avulsion of inf glenohumeral lig (HAGL)?

A

inf glenohum lig –> humeral attachmt –> avulsion

302
Q

humeral avulsion of inf glenohumeral lig (HAGL) –> assoc other injury?

A

subscap tendon tear

303
Q

what is bony humeral avulsion of inf glenohumeral lig (BHAGL)?

A

HAGL + humerus –> anatomic neck –> bony avulsion

304
Q

shoulder –> post instability –> assoc other injuries? (2)

A
  • infraspin

- teres minor

305
Q

shoulder –> post instability –> a congenital cause?

A

hypoplastic post glenoid

306
Q

what is Bennett lesion (thrower’s exostosis)?

A

inf glenohumeral lig –> post band –> avulsion –> extra-articular posterior ossification

307
Q

Bennett lesion (thrower’s exostosis) –> epidemiology?

A

baseball pitcher

308
Q

what is sup labrum ant post (SLAP) tear?

A

biceps tendon attachmt –> sup labrum –> tear –> ant-post orient

309
Q

sup labrum ant post (SLAP) tear –> MC type? MC etiology?

A

type II

repetitive microtrauma

310
Q

sup labrum ant post (SLAP) tear –> 4 types?

A
  • type I: sup labrum –> fray
  • II: I + stripped
  • III: bucket handle tear
  • IV: III –> extend into biceps tendon
311
Q

what is glenoid labral articular disruption (GLAD)?

A
  • antinf labrum –> superficial tear

- adj glenoid articular cartilage injury

312
Q

glenoid labral articular disruption (GLAD) –> assoc w shoulder instability –> T/F

313
Q

glenoid labral articular disruption (GLAD) –> potential comp?

A

post-trauma arthritis –> intra-art bodies

314
Q

labral tear –> specific finding?

A

paralabral cyst

315
Q

paralabral cyst –> potential comp?

A

compress nerve –> entrapmt neuropathy

316
Q

quadrilateral space –> location? boundaries?

A

axilla -> post aspect:

  • humerus
  • long head triceps
  • teres minor
  • teres major
317
Q

quadrilateral space –> contains what N & A?

A
  • axillary N

- post humeral circumflex A

318
Q

what is quadrilateral space synd?

A

quad space –> axillary N entrap –> teres minor +/- deltoid –> paresthesia –> atrophy

319
Q

suprascapular notch –> contains what N & A?

A

prox suprascap N & A

320
Q

suprascapular notch –> prox suprascap N –> entrap –> what muscles affected?

A
  • supraspin

- infraspin

321
Q

suprascapular notch –> prox suprascap N –> entrap –> MCC?

A

sup labral tear –> paralabral cyst

322
Q

spinoglenoid notch –> what N?

A

distal suprascap N

323
Q

spinoglenoid notch –> distal suprascap N entrap –> what muscle affected?

324
Q

what is Parsonage-Turner synd?

A

idiopathic brachial neuropathy –> rot cuff atrophy

325
Q

Parsonage-Turner synd –> how dx?

A

dx of exclusion –> 1st r/o structure causes for atrophy –> ie mass/cyst compress N

326
Q

elbow dislocation –> MC type?

A

radius + ulna –> post dislocate

327
Q

XR –> elbow dislocation –> next step? why?

A

XR forearm –> look for ulna fx

328
Q

XR elbow –> fat pad sign –> no identifiable fx –> next step?

A
  • XR –> additional views –> radial head

- CT

329
Q

what is Essex-Lopresti fx-dislocation?

A
  • radial head fx

- tear interosseous membrane –> distal radioulnar jt –> ulna dislocation

330
Q

what is Monteggia fx-dislocation?

A
  • ulna fx

- elbow –> radius dislocate

331
Q

what is Galeazzi fx-dislocation?

A
  • radius fx –> distal 1/3

- distal radioulnar jt –> ulna dislocate

332
Q

Colles fx –> usu intra-art extension –> T/F?

333
Q

what is Hutchinson (chauffer’s) fx?

A

distal radius –> radial aspect –> fx –> extend to radial styloid & radiocarpal jt

334
Q

what is perilunate dislocation?

A

capitate –> dislocate from lunate

335
Q

what is lunate dislocation?

A

lunate –> dislocate volar

336
Q

scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) –> etiology? (3)

A
  • OA
  • CPPD arthropathy
  • chronic untreated scapholunate dissociation
337
Q

scapholunate lig injury –> sign?

A

Terry Thomas sign

338
Q

what is scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC)?

A

sequela of chronic scapholunate lig injury

339
Q

Kienbock dz –> assoc other finding?

A

neg ulnar variance (ulna shorter than radius)

340
Q

Kienbock dz –> MOA?

A

inc load on lunate

341
Q

mallet finger –> MOA?

A

direct impact –> tip of finger –> DIP –> disrupt extensor tendon

342
Q

Boutounniere deformity –> MOA?

A

PIP –> extensor tendon –> medial slip –> injury –> PIP jt herniate thru –> become entrapped

343
Q

Boutounniere deformity –> etiology? (2)

A
  • # 1 RA

- trauma

344
Q

what is gamekeeper’s (skier’s) thumb? MOA?

A

force abduct –> thumb –> prox phalanx base –> ulnar collateral lig –> injury

345
Q

differentiate: ulnar collateral lig –> tear –> incomplete vs complete –> tx?

A
  • incomplete –> conservative

- complete –> surg

346
Q

ulnar collateral lig tear –> potential comp?

A

Stener lesion:

  • UCL injury
  • adductor aponeurosis interposition
347
Q

Stener lesion –> tx?

348
Q

what is Bennett fx?

A

1st metacarpal base –> fx –> intra-articular

349
Q

what is Rolando fx?

A

Bennett fx –> comminuted

350
Q

what is Boxer’s fx?

A

metacarpal neck fx (usu 5th metacarpal)

351
Q

what is volar plate fx? MOA?

A

hyperextend –> middle phalanx –> proximal –> volar aspect –> fx

352
Q

carpal tunnel –> contains what struct? (10)

A
  • 4 flexor dig profundus
  • 4 flexor dig superficialis
  • 1 flexor pollicis longus
  • 1 median N
353
Q

lister’s tubercle –> can cause rupture of what tendon?

A

3rd extensor tendon (EPL)

354
Q

carpal tunnel synd –> assoc w diaysis –> T/F?

355
Q

carpal tunnel synd –> imaging finding –> bowing of what struct?

A

flexor retinaculum

356
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris –> dislocate –> med or lat?

357
Q

Bennett fx –> metacarpal base fx –> dorsolat displace –> what tendon is involved?

A

abd pollicis longus

358
Q

gamekeeper’s/skier thumb –> what tendon is involved?

A

ulnar collateral lig

359
Q

gamekeeper’s/skier thumb –> comp?

A

stenor lesion

360
Q

what is stenor lesion?

A

ulnar collateral lig –> torn –> adductor tendon aponeurosis –> get caught in torn edge

361
Q

stenor lesion –> classic “sign”

A

yoyo on a string

362
Q

stenosing tenosynovitis (trigger finger) –> imaging finding?

A

thick tendon sheath

363
Q

cubital tunnel synd –> MCC?

A

accessory anconeus (anconeus epitrocholearis)

364
Q

lat epicondylitis –> aka? MOA?

A

tennis elbow –> repetitive extend

365
Q

med epicondylitis –> aka? MOA?

A

golf elbow –> repetitive flex

366
Q

elbow –> partial ulnar collateral lig tear –> imaging sign?

A

T sign –> contrast medial extend medial to medial coronoid (sublime tubercle)

367
Q

elbow –> ulnar collateral lig –> composed of 3 lig –> which is most important?

A

ant bundle

368
Q

elbow –> partial ulnar collateral lig tear –> epidemiology? MOA?

A

thrower –> valgus overload

369
Q

thrower –> elbow –> valgus overload synd –> synd? (3)

A
  • ulnar collateral lig injury –> usu ant band
  • post humerus/ulna arthritis
  • capitellum OCD
370
Q

what is little leaguer elbow?

A

throw –> repetitive chronic microinjury –> medial epicondyle apophysis:

  • stress fx
  • avulsion
  • delayed closure
371
Q

little leaguer elbow –> other assoc injury?

A

ulnar collateral lig injury

372
Q

epitrochlear LAD –> ddx? (1)

A

cat scratch dz

373
Q

partial biceps tear –> assoc condition?

A

bicipitoradial bursitis

374
Q

triceps rupture –> assoc other injury?

A

Salter Harris 2 fx of olecranon

375
Q

reverse shoulder arthroplasty –> indication? (2)

A
  • proximal humerus fx –> 3-4 parts

- rot cuff is trashed

376
Q

reverse shoulder arthroplasty –> comp? (1)

A

excess deltoid tugging –> post acromion fx

377
Q

rot cuff is trashed –> can get reverse shoulder arthroplasty –> requires what struct to be intact?

378
Q

ext shoulder impingemt –> subacromial –> involve which tendon?

379
Q

ext shoulder impingemt –> subcorocoid –> involve which tendon?

380
Q

int shoulder impingemt –> postsup –> involve which tendon?

381
Q

rot cuff –> partial tear –> % tear for surgical intervention?

382
Q

what is massive rot cuff tear?

A

tear of at least 2 of 4 rot cuff muscles

383
Q

multidirectional glenohumeral instability –> glenohumeral vol –> dec/normal/inc?

384
Q

adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder) –> glenohumeral vol –> dec/normal/inc?

385
Q

SLAP –> assoc w instability –> T/F?

386
Q

trauma –> foot in int rot –> what type of hip dislocation?

A

post hip dislocate

387
Q

hip fx –> intracapsular –> degree of displacemt corresponds to risk of AVN –> T/F?

388
Q

snapping hip synd –> etiology? (3) MC?

A
  • # 1 external –> iliotibial band over grter trochanter
  • internal –> iliopsoas over iliopectineal eminence or femoral head
  • intra-articular –> labral tear, loose bodies
389
Q

snapping hip synd –> iliopsoas over iliopectineal eminence or femoral head (internal type) –> how to eval for?

390
Q

hip –> labral tear –> MC type?

391
Q

os acetabuli –> assoc conditions? (2)

A
  • labral tear

- femoroacetabular impingemt

392
Q

Segond fx –> MOA?

393
Q

reverse Segond fx –> fx of what struct?

A

medial tibial plateau

394
Q

reverse Segond fx –> assoc other injuries? (2)

A
  • PCL tear

- medial meniscus injury

395
Q

reverse Segond fx –> MOA?

396
Q

what is arcuate sign?

A

proximal fibula –> avulsion

397
Q

arcuate sign –> assoc other injury? (1)

A

cruciate lig injury –> usu PCL

398
Q

what is deep intercondylar notch sign?

A

impaction injury –> depression of lat femoral condyle

399
Q

deep intercondylar notch sign –> assoc other injury?

A

ACL injury

400
Q

ACL mucoid degen –> imaging sign? (2)

A
  • T1 –> “drumstick”

- T2/STIR –> “celery stick”

401
Q

ACL mucoid degen –> comp?

A

ACL ganglion cyst

402
Q

ACL repair –> clinical significance of…?

  • femoral tunnel
  • tibial tunnel
A
  • femoral tunnel –> maintain isometry

- tibial tunnel –> roof impingemt

403
Q

ACL repair –> 16wk later –> extend knee –> palpable audible chunk –> dx?

A

arthrofibrosis

404
Q

ACL repair –> arthrofibrosis –> imaging finding?

A

Hoffa’s fat pad –> mass-like scar (cyclops lesion) –> low signal

405
Q

ACL graft –> should be parallel to intercondylar notch –> if become more horizontal –> dx?

A

graft tear

406
Q

fibular head edema –> ddx? (1)

A

post lat corner injury

407
Q

patella tendon tear –> classic assoc condition?

408
Q

bilat patella tendon tear –> classic predisposing factor?

A

chronic steroid

409
Q

acute flat foot –> dx?

A

post tib tendon injury

410
Q

ankle –> ATFL & tibfib lig injury –> lateral instability –> chronic synovial inflamm –> comp?

A

lat gutter –> mass of hypertrophic synovial tissue –> antlat impingemt synd

411
Q

ankle –> antlat impingemt synd –> MRI finding?

A

lat gutter –> “meniscoid mass” (balled up scar) –> T1/T2 dark

412
Q

tarsal tunnel –> general location?

A

behind med malleolus

413
Q

tarsal tunnel synd –> involved N? distribution of pain?

A

post tib N –> 1st 3 toes

414
Q

tarsal tunnel –> covered by what struct?

A

flexor retinaculum

415
Q

tarsal tunnel –> contains what struct? (5)

A
  • post tib A & N
  • tib post (“tom”)
  • flex dig long (“dick”)
  • flex hallicus long (“harry”)
416
Q

morton neuroma –> is it a neuroma or scar?

417
Q

ballet dancer –> what condition?

A

os trigonum synd

418
Q

calcaneal tuberosity avulsion –> underlying condition?

419
Q

achilles tendon rupture but can still plantarflex –> dx?

A

plantaris rupture (tennis leg)

420
Q

plantaris rupture (tennis leg) –> imaging appearance?

A

fluid collection bw soleus & med head of gastroc

421
Q

what is spring ligament?

A

group of calcaneonavicular ligaments

422
Q

what is deltoid ligament?

A

complex of medial collateral ligaments of ankle

CORE (33 decks)

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