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CORE > Peds Chest > Flashcards

Peds Chest Flashcards

1
Q

neonatal –> medical resp distress –> ddx? (4)

A
  • resp distress synd
  • transient tachypnea of the newborn
  • meconium aspiration
  • neonatal PNA/sepsis
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2
Q

neonatal resp distress –> MCC?

A

transient tachypnea of the newborn

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3
Q

risk factor for TTN? (3)

A
  • C-section
  • maternal DM
  • maternal sedation
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4
Q

TTN –> imaging appearance?

A

pulm edema

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5
Q

neonatal resp distress –> CXR demonstrates pulm edema –> ddx? (2)

A
  • TTN

- neonatal PNA

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6
Q

resp distress synd –> imaging appearance?

A
  • hazy opacities

- decreased lung vol

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7
Q

RDS –> intubation –> possible complication?

A

pulm interstitial emphysema

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8
Q

pulm interstitial emphysema –> imaging appearance

A
  • hyperinflation

- many small cysts

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9
Q

pulm interstitial emphysema –> MOA?

A

barotrauma –> immature alveoli rupture –> air into interstitial space

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10
Q

resp distress synd –> how long does it last?

A

few days - 1 wk

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11
Q

resp distress synd –> >1wk –> what condition?

A

bronchopulm dysplasia (chronic lung dz of prematurity)

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12
Q

bronchopulm dysplasia –> definition?

A

36 post-conceptual wks or 28 days of life:

  • abnormal CXR
  • persistent O2 need
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13
Q

bronchopulm dysplasia –> imaging appearance?

A
  • hyperinflate
  • coarse opacities
  • round lucencies
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14
Q

neonatal –> meconium aspiration –> pre-term or full term?

A

full/post term

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15
Q

meconium aspiration –> imaging appearance?

A
  • hyperinflate

- ropy coarse interstitial opacities

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16
Q

meconium aspiration –> increased risk for? (2)

A
  • barotrauma

- PTX

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17
Q

when present with resp distress?

  • resp distress synd
  • transient tachypnea of the newborn
  • meconium aspiration
  • neonatal PNA/sepsis
A
  • resp distress synd: immed
  • transient tachypnea of the newborn: immed
  • meconium aspiration: immed
  • neonatal PNA/sepsis: hrs-days
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18
Q

neonatal PNA/sepsis –> possible complication?

A

pneumatocele

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19
Q

congenital diaphragmatic hernia –> complication?

A

pulm hypoplasia

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20
Q

congenital diaphragmatic hernia –> MC location?

A

L Bochdalek

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21
Q

congenital diaphragmatic hernia –> key imaging finding?

A

thoracic mass –> mediastinal shift

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22
Q

congenital diaphragmatic hernia –> assoc condition? (3)

A
  • malrotation
  • neural tube defect
  • congenital heart dz
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23
Q

congenital diaphragmatic hernia –> what % assoc w bowel malrotation?

A

95%

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24
Q

what are the 7 types of bronchopulm foregut malformation?

A
  • congenital lobar emphysema
  • bronchial atresia
  • bronchogenic cyst
  • congenital pulm airway malformation (CPAM)
  • sequestration
  • scimitar synd
  • pulm AVM
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25
Q

congenital lobar emphysema –> MCC?

A

bronchomalacia –> airway collapse w expiration –> hyperinflate

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26
Q

congenital lobar emphysema –> MC lobe affected?

A

upper or middle

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27
Q

bronchial atresia –> when does it present?

A

adult

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28
Q

bronchial atresia –> pathophys?

A

focal obliteration of proximal bronchus –> distal bronchus filled w mucus –> hyperinfalte

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29
Q

bronchial atresia –> MC lobe?

A

LUL

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30
Q

bronchial atresia –> imaging appearance?

A
  • proximal focal tubular-shaped opacity radiating from the hilum
  • distal hyperlucent lung
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31
Q

what is congenital pulm airway malformation (CPAM)?

A

hamartomatous multicystic masses of segmental lung tissue with abnormal bronchial proliferation

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32
Q

congenital pulm airway malformation (CPAM) –> possible complicaiton?

A

infection

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33
Q

what is pulm sequestration?

A

aberrant lung tissue w systemic blood supply

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34
Q

pulm sequestration –> key imaging finding?

A

systemic arterial vessel

35
Q

pulm sequestration –> MC lobe?

36
Q

pulm sequestration –> types?

A
  • extralobar

- intralobar

37
Q

pulm sequestration –> extralobar vs intralobar –> venous drainage?

A
  • extralobar: systemic venous drainage

- intralobar: pulm

38
Q

what is scimitar synd?

A

partial anomalous pulm venous return: RLL pulm veins –> R atrium or IVC

39
Q

scimitar synd –> assoc w what other lung finding?

A

R lung –> hypoplasia & hyperlucent

40
Q

bronchiolitis –> imaging findings?

A
  • hyperinflate –> flattened diaphragms

- increased peribronchial markings

41
Q

what is bronchiolitis obliterans synd?

A

final common pathway of small ariway obstruction –> bronchiolar inflamm & peribronchial fibrosis –> luminal stenosis and occlusions

42
Q

bronchiolitis obliterans synd –> assoc w what? (1)

A

pediatric lung & BM transplant (allogeneic)

43
Q

bronchiolitis obliterans synd –> CXR appearance?

44
Q

bronchiolitis obliterans synd –> CT appearance? (3)

A
  • mosaic perfusion
  • peribronchial cuffing & bronchiectasis
  • air trapping on expiration
45
Q

bronchiolitis obliterans synd –> complication?

A

Swyer-James-MacLeod synd

46
Q

what is Swyer-James-MacLeod synd

A

bronchiolitis obliterans synd –> abnormal pulm developmt –> unilat lung vol loss & hyperlucent

47
Q

Swyer-James-MacLeod synd –> key imaging finding?

A

unilat small hyperlucent lung

48
Q

Swyer-James-MacLeod synd –> MC organism etiology?

A

adenovirus

49
Q

what is organizing pneumonia?

A

granulation tissue –> fill bronchioles & alveoli

50
Q

what is cryptogenic organizing pneumonia?

A

organizing PNA of unknown cause/idiopathic

51
Q

organizing pneumonia –> etiology? (3)

A
  • infx
  • drug rxn
  • inhalation
52
Q

organizing pneumonia –> imaging appearance?

A
  • multifocal GGO/consolidation –> migratory

- nodules

53
Q

organizing pneumonia –> multifocal consolidation –> distribution?

A

peripheral, peribronchovascular

54
Q

what is reverse halo (atoll) sign? indicates what condition?

A

central lucency –> surrounding GGO

organizing PNA

55
Q

unilat hyperlucent lung –> ddx? (6)

A
  • endobronchial FB
  • PTX
  • Swyer-James-McLedo
  • congenital lobar emphysema
  • CPAM
  • Poland synd
56
Q

Poland synd –> synd? (2)

A
  • unilat partial/complete absence of pect major

- hand/arm anomaly (ie short metacarpal, syndactyly)

57
Q

pediatric –> ant med mass –> ddx? (3)

A
  • normal thymus
  • lymphoma
  • germ cell tumor
58
Q

pediatric –> middle med mass –> ddx? (3)

A
  • duplication cyst
  • neurenteric cyst
  • LAD
59
Q

pediatric –> post med mass –> ddx? (3)

A

neurogenic tumor:

  • neuroblastoma
  • ganglioneuroblastoma
  • ganglioneuroma
60
Q

what is spinnaker sail sign?

A

pneumomediastinum –> thymus lift off mediastinum

61
Q

normal large thymus –> what age?

62
Q

scimitar synd –> synd? (3)

A
  • partial anomalous pulm venous return
  • hypoplastic R lung
  • RLL systemic arterial supply
63
Q

recent pharyngitis –> SOB –> CT –> mult scattered nodules –> dx?

A

septic emboli

64
Q

recent pharyngitis –> septic emboli –> next step? why?

A

US neck vein –> eval for jug V thrombus (septic thrombophlebitis)

65
Q

septic thrombophlebitis –> RF? (2)

A
  • recent pharyngeal infx

- recent ENT procedure

66
Q

recent pharyngitis –> septic thrombophlebitis –> next step?

A

CT chest –> eval for septic emboli

67
Q

what is Lemierre synd?

A

recent pharyngeal infx –> septic thrombophlebitis + septic emboli

68
Q

Lemierre synd –> septic emboli –> org?

A

fusobacterium necrophorum

69
Q

unilat dilated jug V –> dx?

A

phlebectasia

70
Q

phlebectasia –> MOA? stenosis? change size w Valsalva?

A
  • idiopathic
  • no stenosis
  • enlrg w Valsalva
71
Q

vasc malformation –> low flow –> ddx? (2)

A
  • venous malformation

- lymphatic malformation

72
Q

differentiate: venous vs lymphatic malformation –>

  • imaging appearance?
  • enhancemt?
  • fluid level?
  • phlebolith?
A

venous malformation:

  • lrg transpatial multicystic mass
  • cystic spaces –> enhance
  • can fluid levels
  • phlebolith

lymphatic malformation:

  • lrg transpatial multicystic mass
  • septa –> enhance
  • can fluid levels
  • no phlebolith
73
Q

lungs –> hyperinflate –> #ribs?

74
Q

high vol + perihilar streaky –> ddx? (2)

A

MNoP:

  • Meconium aspiration
  • Non GB neonatal Pneumonia
75
Q

not high vol + granular –> ddx? (2)

A
  • RDS

- grp B PNA

76
Q

TTN –> natural course?

A

onset 6hr –> peak 1day –> resolved 3 day old

77
Q

TTN –> lung vol?

A
  • normal

- inc

78
Q

differentiate: RDS vs B-hemolytic PNA –> CXR findings

A

RDS:

  • low lung vol
  • granular opacity
  • no pleural eff

B-hemolytic PNA:

  • low lung vol
  • granular opacity
  • pleural eff
79
Q

RDS –> surfactant replacement tx –> potential complication? (2)

A
  • pulm hemorrhage

- PDA

80
Q

neonatal PNA –> non GBS –> imaging findings?

  • lung vol
  • opacity
  • eff?
A
  • hyperinflat
  • perihilar –> patchy –> asymm
  • eff
81
Q

persistent pulm HTN –> MOA?

A

in utero high pulm pressure –> NOT decrease after birth

82
Q

persistent pulm HTN –> etiology? (2)

A
  • 1ary

- 2ary: meconium aspiration, PNA, etc

83
Q

bronchopulm dysplasia –> permanent or can resolve?

A

can resolve

CORE (33 decks)

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