Physical Diagnosis Exam 3

Question 1

articular structures

Answer 1

joint capsules
articular cartilage
synovium and synovial fluid
intra articular ligaments
juxta articular bone

Question 2

Extra articular structures

Answer 2

periartiular ligaments
tendons
bursae
muscle
fascia
bone
nerve
 overlying skin

Question 3

Ligaments

Answer 3

ropelike bundles of collagen fibrils that connect bone to bone

Question 4

Tendons

Answer 4

Collagen fibers connecting muscle to bone

Question 5

Cartilage

Answer 5

Collagen matrix overlying bony surfaces

Question 6

Bursae

Answer 6

Pouches of synovial fluid that cushion the movement of tendons and muscles over bone or other joint structures

Question 7

Synovial Joint

Answer 7

Freely movable

Bones are covered by articular cartilage

bones are seperated synovial cavity

synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid that lubricates joint movment

(shoulder, Knee)

Question 8

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 8

Joint is lightly movable

Bones seperated by fibrocartilaginous discs

Discs contain nucleus pulposus that cushions bony movement

(vertebral bodies of the spine)

Question 9

Fibrous Joint

Answer 9

Joints have no appreciable movement

Bones are seperated by fibrous tissue or cartilage

(suture of skull)

Question 10

3 types of synovial joints

Answer 10

Spheroidal (ball & socket)
Hinge
Condylar

Question 11

Spheroidal (ball and socket joint)

Answer 11

Synovial Joints

Shape: concex surface in concave cavity

Movement: Wide ranging flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction

(shoulder, hip)

Question 12

Hinge joint

Answer 12

Synonial joints

Shape: flat, planar

Movement: Motion in one plane, flexioin or extension

(interphalangeal joints of hand and foot, elbow)

Question 13

Condylar Joint

Answer 13

Synovial joint

Shape: Convex or concave

Movement: movement of two articulating surfaces not dissociable

(knee, temporal-mandibular joint)

Question 14

General inspection of spine

Answer 14

Note gait

Look at patient from side

Look at patient form behind

Question 15

Kyphosis

Answer 15

posterior curve of thoracic spine at level of ribs- seen from lateral view

A small amount of curvature in kyphosis and lordosis is normal

Question 16

Lordotic

Answer 16

anterior curve of lumbar spine just above buttock- seen from lateral view

A small amount of curvature in kyphosis and lordosis is normal

Question 17

Scoliosis

Answer 17

lateral curve of spine (always abnormal)

best seen from posterior view with patient leaning forward

Question 18

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 18

step off

forward slippage of a vertebrae

most common at L4, L5, S1

(backache, nherniated disc, pain down legs)

Question 19

Adams test

Answer 19

Forward bend test

Scoliosis

Palpates spinous process while patient is bending forward

routine scoliosis screening for adolescents not recommended

Question 20

Two phases of gait

Answer 20

Swing: foot moves forward, non-weight bearing-40% walking cycle

Stance: foot on ground, weight bearing-60% walking cycle

Assess width of base (2-4 in. heel to heel), shift of the pelvis (smooth and continuous), and flexion of the knee (flexed throughout stance phase)