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PAM Semester 1 > Gross Anatomy Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Effect of the ANS on the Heart

sympathetic

A 
Increases:
HR
Force of contraction
BP
Respiratory rates

Dilates (relaxes coronary vessels (smooth muscle)

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2
Q

Caval Hiatus Structures

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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3
Q

How high does the diaphragm go on expiration

A

6th rib

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4
Q

origins of diaphragm

A

Sternal : posterior xiphoid process

Costal : internal surfaces of lower costal cartilages 7-12

Lumbar : medial and lateral arcuate ligaments
anterior longitudinal ligament
bodies of vertebrae L1, L2, L3

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5
Q

Innervation of the heart

Afferent Parasympathetic fibers

A

Vagal cardiac nerves

Function:feedback on blood pressure

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6
Q

Pulmonary valve stenosis

A

Valve cusps are fused

Conus arteriosus is underdeveloped, producing restriction of right ventricular outflow

Cause hypertrophy of the right ventricle

Produces a fixed split S2 murmur

S2 problem

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7
Q

Horner syndrome

A

Ptosis (drooping of the superior eyelid)

Pupillary constriction

Sinking in of the eyeball (enophthalmos)

Vasodilation and absence of sweating on the face and neck (anhydrosis),

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8
Q

RCA supplys

A

R atrium
SA, AV nodes
Posterior Septum

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9
Q

Aortic valve insufficiency

A

Backrush of blood into the left ventricle

Causes blowing high pitched murmur

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10
Q

Phrenic nerve roots

A

C3, C4, C5

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11
Q

what provides vascular drainage for left side of thoracic cavity

A

hemiazygous

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12
Q

How does blood flow into the coronary arterioes

A

Retrograde flow from aorta

Thet are filled during diastole (resting)

Tachycardia is risk because no rest!

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13
Q

NAV

A

Nerve (lateral)
Artery
Vein (medial

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14
Q

Ligaments that are part of Lesser omentum

A

Gastropcephalic ligament
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Lesser omentum

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15
Q

what runs between the anterior scalene and middle scalene

A

brachial plexus
subclavian artery
subclavian vein

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16
Q

what holds the breast up to the chest wall

A

suspensory ligament

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17
Q

Lobular Carcinoma In Situ

A

Believed to be a benign condition that predicts invasive breast cancer in the future

(not necessarily at the same site)

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18
Q

Breast cancer node path

A

axillary nodes
infra clavicular nodes
supraclavicular nodes

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19
Q

Pulmonary valve incompetence

A

Valve does not close completely

Results in a backrush of blood into the right ventricle

Causes blowing decrescendo murmur

S2 problem

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20
Q

Anterior interventricular supplys

A

both ventricles

Anterior septum

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21
Q

What does scalene muscle do

A

raise ribcage during inspiration

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22
Q

Heart cavity layers

A 
Fibrous pericardium
parietal pericardium
pericardial cavity
epicardium (visceral pericardium)
myocardium
endocardium
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23
Q

Superior messteric artery supplies

A

jejunum
cecum
ascending colon

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24
Q

LCA Supplys

A

L Atrium
L ventricle
AV Bunds
septum

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25
Q

most common site of breast cancer

A

Upper outer quadrant

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26
Q

Lactiferous ducts

A

moves milk from lobule
to lactiferous sinus
and then out nipple

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27
Q

What serves as the internal barometer

A

External jugular vein

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28
Q

Aortic Hiatus Structures

A

Aorta
Azygous vein
Thoracic Duct

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29
Q

where does the azygous drain

A

superior vena cava

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30
Q

Esophageal Hiatus Structures

A

Esophagus

Vagus

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31
Q

How to determine whether superficial or deep penetrating trauma to neck

A

Deeper or shallower than the platysmas

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32
Q

costal muscles

A

external costal
internal costal
innermost costal

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33
Q

What innervates the diapraghm

A

Phrenic nerve
C3, C4, C5

High cervical injuries result in death due to
failure to breath

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34
Q

Circumflex supplys

A

left atrium
left ventrical
comes off LCA

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35
Q

Lateral EKG

A

I
AVL
V5
V6

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36
Q

most external muscle in thorax

A

external oblique

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37
Q

Most common cancer of the breast

A

Intraductal carcinoma

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38
Q

Percent of adults with ASD

A

15-25% (not significant)

When significant, R atrium enlarges, RVH

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39
Q

how does the heart attach to the vessels, diaphragm and the sternum

A

fibrous attachments

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40
Q

Right marginal supplys

A

Right ventricle and apex

Comes off RCA

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41
Q

Where does the azygous vein drain into

A

Inferior vena cava

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42
Q

carotid triangle

A

Omohyoid
sternocleidomastoid
angle of jaw

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43
Q

Effect of the ANS on the Heart

Parasympathetic

A 
Decreases:
HR
Force of contraction
BP
Respiratory rates

Constricts coronary vessels

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44
Q

Microcalcifications

A

Show up on mammogram

risk factor for producing breast cancer

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45
Q

Central venous lines in neck vs peripheral line

A

IJV
Subclavian

EJV is peripheral

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46
Q

Alimentry System

A

The alimentary system extends from the lips to the anus

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47
Q

Inferior messteric artery supplies

A

desecnding colon
sigmoid
rectum

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48
Q

What does the hemiazygous vein drain into

A

the azygous

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49
Q

Celiac trunk artery supplies

A

liver gall bladder
stomach spleen
Duodenum

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50
Q

Innervation of the heart

Afferent Sympathetic fibers

A

Afferents to upper thoracic and lower cervical ganglia

Function:feedback on blood pressure, pain sensation

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51
Q

Aortic valve stenosis

A

Most frequent valve abnormality

Common in the 6th decade of life
Due to calcified valves

Causes left ventricular hypertrophy as the heart works harder to pump blood through aortic valve

Causes mid-systolic murmur that is harsh

S1 problem (during systole)

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52
Q

Fat in the breast

A

Fat lobule

53
Q

most common type of cancer of the breast

A

Intraductal carcinoma

54
Q

Innervation of the heart

Efferent Sympathetic fibers

A

Cardiac nerves from the lower cervical and upper thoracic ganglia

Function:increasing heart rate, increasing the force of contraction of the myocardium

55
Q

Nerve supply to pericardium

A 
Phrenic nerves (C3-C5)– sensory 
also the arm nerves which is why cardiac pain can be refered to arm

Vagus nerves (CN X)-uncertain

Sympathetic trunks – vasomotor

56
Q

3 Hiatus

A

Aortic Hiatus (Aorta, Azygous vein, Thoracic Duct)

Esophageal Hiatus (Esophagus, Vagus)

Caval Hiatus (IVC)

57
Q

What happens when venous pressure rises

A

EJV becomes more prominent

58
Q

nipple

A

has multiple openings for breast feeding

59
Q

Left marginal supplys

A

Left ventricle

Comes circumflex of LCA

60
Q

Most common cause of a blue (cyanotic) baby

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

61
Q

What does observation of distention of the EJV reveal

A

Signs of heart failure
obstruction of SVC
enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes
increased intrathoracic pressure

62
Q

3 layers of heart wall

A

endocardium (lines valves and heart)
Myocardium (thickest)
Epicardium (thin external layer)

63
Q

SMA

Superior messenteric artery

A

Comes off the abdominal aorta
is superior to inferior messenteric artery

supplies blood to the small intestine, large intestine

64
Q

Efferent

A

Motor

SAME DAVE

Sensory Dorsal
Afferent Afferent
Motor Ventral
Efferent Efferent

65
Q

vestibular folds

A

false vocal cords

more lateral to true vocal cords

66
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

Pulmonic stenosis
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Overriding Aorta
Vetricular Septal Defect

Most common cause of a blue (cyanotic) baby

67
Q

When are the coronary arteries filled

A

during diastole
rest period
due to retrograde flow from aortic arch

68
Q

Innervation of the heart

Efferent Parasympathetic fibers

A

Vagus nerve

Function:reducing the heart rate, reducing the force of contraction of the heart, vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries

69
Q

invasive ductal carcinoma

A

cancer has invaded the basement membrane of the duct of the breast

Most common invasive form of breast cancer

70
Q

why do the breasts enlarge

A

the lobules enlarge due to milk

71
Q

Ligaments that are part of Greater omentum

A

Gastrophrenic ligament
Gastrosplenic ligament
Gastrocolic ligament
Greater omentum

72
Q

Milk producing structures in breast

A

Lobules

73
Q

Celiac trunk

A

left gastric artery

Splenic artery

Common hepatic artery

74
Q

What is anterior to anterior scalene and anterior to brachial plexus

A

phrenic nerve

75
Q

process for EJ placement

A

Trendelenburg
Take deep breath
turn head away

EJ crosses over sternocleidomastoid

76
Q

lactiferous sinus

A

collects and holds milk

77
Q

most common location of cancer in breasts

A

upper outer quadrant

78
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory

SAME DAVE

Sensory Dorsal
Afferent Afferent
Motor Ventral
Efferent Efferent

79
Q

Posterior interventricular supplys

A

both ventricles

posterior septum

80
Q

Pansystolic

A

All the way through systole (contraction)

VSD Murmur

81
Q

Inferior EKG leads

A

II
III
AVF

82
Q

DCIS

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

A

Precursor to breast cancer
(at same site)
Hasn’t invaded the basement membrane,
is contained within the duct

83
Q

Retro peritoneal structures

A 
Rectum
Ascending colon
descending colon
Right kidney
Bare portion of liver
84
Q

Right upper quadrant of abdomen

A 
Liver
gall bladder
R kidney
Adrenal gland
Colon - Hepatic flexure, right transverse
Duodenum
Head of pancreas
Small intestine
Pyloris of stomach
85
Q

Left upper quadrant of abdomen

A 
Stomach
Tip of liver
Spleen
Most of pancreas
Left kidney
Adrenal gland
Colon - splenic flexure, left transverse
Small intestine - jejunum
86
Q

Right lower quadrant of abdomen

A

Colon - ascending
Cecum
Appndix
Small intestine - ileum

87
Q

Left lower quadrant of abdomen

A

Colon - Descending, sigmoid

Small intestine

88
Q

Where is the appendix located

A

At the tip of the cecum (large intestine)

lower right quadrant

89
Q

Umblicus level

A

L3/L4

90
Q

Should you suture muscle or fascia

A

Don’t suture muscle, muscle won’t hold suture,

Suture fascia

91
Q

The six common causes of abdominal protrusion

A

The six common causes of abdominal protrusion begin with the letter F:

food, fluid, fat, feces, flatus, and fetus

92
Q

Eversion of the umbilicus may be a sign of

A

increased intra-abdominal pressure, usually resulting from ascites

93
Q

Top and bottom margin of abdominal quadrants

A

Xiphoid is upper margin of top abdominal quadrants
Pubis is lower margin

One of most common LLQ pain is diverticulitis

94
Q

One of most common LLQ pain

A

is diverticulitis

95
Q

Pain out of proportion to exam

A

Arterial supply problem

Faking it

96
Q

What does the pylorus do

A

Pylorus stores food and is a valve to stop retrograde flow

97
Q

Common cause of upper abdominal pain in pediatrics

A

pneumonia

98
Q

Portal triad =

A

Biliary duct, Hepatic artery, Bile duct

Each section of liver has its own portal vein, hepatic vein and hepatic artery
redundancy

99
Q

The celiac trunk

A

is a branch of the abdominal aorta, arising immediately inferior to the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm (T12 vertebral level).

divides into the left gastric, common hepatic, and splenic arteries.

supplies the liver, gallbladder, inferior esophagus, stomach, pancreas, spleen, and duodenum.

100
Q

Where are the papilla

A

2nd segment of duodenum

Ascending duodenum

Minor is above the major

101
Q

Portal venous system drains

A

all of the bowel

102
Q

Portal hypertension

A

= hemorrhoids, espophageal varicies, caput medussa

103
Q

2 ways to drain distal esophagus

A

= Azygous vein, Left gastric

104
Q

Chronic inflammation

A

(ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease)

105
Q

Right Varicocele

A

Right varicocele always abnormal

106
Q

Rupture of an aortic aneurysm

A

(localized enlargement of the abdominal aorta) causes severe pain in the abdomen or back.

107
Q

(FAST)

A

Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma

108
Q

Fast exam

A

Pericardial

Right flank (hepatorenal view or “Morison’s pouch”)

Left flank (perisplenic view)

Pelvic (retrovesical views)

Thoracic (pneumothorax and hemothorax)

109
Q

Retroperitoneal

A 
Kidneys
ureter
bladder
adrenal gland
esophagus
dudodenum
Pancreas except tail
IVC
Aorta
110
Q

Where is iron absorbed in the body

A

duodenum

proximal jejunum

111
Q

What suspends the duodenum

A

The ligament of treitz (duodenal ligament)

112
Q

What is line between upper GI bleeding and lower GI bleeding

A

The ligament of treitz

Proximal to ligament is upper gi bleeding
Distal is lower gi bleeding

113
Q

Grey turner sign

A

common in hemorrhagic pancreatitis

114
Q

bifurcation of iliac arteries

A

L4/L5

115
Q

Listen to bruits of illiacs at

A

L4/L5

116
Q

Each section of liver has its own

A

portal vein, hepatic vein and hepatic artery

redundancy

117
Q

This opening is the narrowest part of the biliary passages and is the common site for?

A

The bile duct joins the main pancreatic duct, forming the hepatopancreatic ampulla, which opens on the major duodenal papilla.

impaction of a gallstone.

118
Q

Dome of bladder

A

intra peritoneal

119
Q

Pectinate line

A

Hemmorhoids above the line are painless

120
Q

Rectal sensation below pectinate line due to

A

S2, S3, S4

121
Q

Crossover location of SMA

A

Superior mesenteric artery goes over the left renal vein

122
Q

Gonadal veins

A

Left gonadal vein goes off the left renal vein

Right gonadal vein comes off the IVC

123
Q

What goes over the right ureter

A

Right gonadal vein

124
Q

Right varicoseal is always abnormal

A

could be a mass
left can have back flow
right doesn t have that issue

125
Q

What are the anterior branches off the abdominal aorta

A

celiac trunk
SMA
IMA

126
Q

Where does the thoracic duct empty

A

SVC

127
Q

Level of kidney

A

L1-L2

128
Q

Color of fluid on ultrasound

A

Black

PAM Semester 1 (16 decks)

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