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GDA > Physical development in early childhood > Flashcards

Physical development in early childhood Flashcards

1
Q

leaving gestational period

A

we have several growth phases

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2
Q

body growth in early childhood -4

A

slower - change in body composition, perception of proportion changes
avg growth - 2-3in, 5 pounds
torso lengthens and widens - pudgy to more muscle, more mobile, run, diff foods, dont need that fat for core temp anymore so we use it for muslce, proportion of head
spine straightens

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3
Q

brain development in early childhood - 4

A

closest to adult size when born
2-6 yr brain is 70-90% of adult weight, after that we still have physical growth and making internal connections - more dense with added weight and size
- establihsing links - neurogenic connections (neurons connecting)
- lateralization - more proficient in sensory and cognitive perspective, infancy and childhood has a lot of language development - brain evens out for level of dominance for motor components

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4
Q

glands

A

take things out of our bloodstream to make hormones, then send it back, could go to organs (smooth tissue on the outside) or a collection of tissue, or small pockets of cells, they are specialized to respond to a certain hormone to produce a certain hormone

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5
Q

ductless tissues (10)

A 
pineal 
hypothalamus 
pituitary 
thyroid 
parathyroid 
thymus 
adrenals 
pancreas 
ovary 
testes
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6
Q

hormones - 5

A 
specialized compounds 
regulate activity for other tissues/organs (meant to be ones) 
regulate 
complex chemical structures 
work on a neg fdbk loop
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7
Q

hormones regulate 3

A 
growth and maturation (morphogenesis) 
responds to stimuli (integration) - injury 
internal environment (maintenance) - resond to stimuli but hey lets share
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8
Q

hormones are made of

A

proteins
steroids - fat/cholesterol based by liver
amines - non essential because essential is for protein production
FA - dietary intake and on the body’s own

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9
Q

neg fdbk loop for hormones

A

too little product - production of hormone to equalize, too much - - reduce other substances

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10
Q

neg fdbk loop for pancreas - 3

A

insulin release when we eat - 3 times a day we change our blood sugar, goes up then come down and you eat
regular level so insulin works with muscle and organs to uptake sugar
too little - glucagon gets it back

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11
Q

master gland -3

A

pituitary

  • connected to the brain (hypothalamus) but the pituitary stalk
  • sits in the stella trucica of sphenoid
  • 2 distinct lobes
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12
Q

2 distinct lobes of pituitary

A 
ant - growth and maturation 
pos - less function - connect with the brain and hypothalamus - physical, signals will come through here before we get to the ant 
intermediate layer (thin) - change in skin tone, hormonal response after a stimuli (temporary)
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13
Q

ant pit does 4 hormones

A

GH
TSH
corticotrophin
3 gonadotrophins

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14
Q

growth hormone

- 3

A

ant pit to blood stream to locations of the body for growth - biologically timed
- pulse release in response to low blood sugar - deep sleep - children in large quantities to increase the production of proteins, adults use it to convert body fat to glucose
increased synthesis of new proteins from AAs
Body fat to glucose in a long run, short you get glucagon from pancreass

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15
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone stimulates the release of and 2

A

thyroid hormone

  • increased BMR - oxygen uptake and energy expenditure - min energy we need to rest - depending on diff factors - temp, emotions, level of GH and TH
  • GH must have TH in order for it to be recognized
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16
Q

corticotropin - 3

A

released by adrenal glands - suppress or stimulate
outer (cortex) and inner (medulla)
cortex does steroid/anabolic hormones
medulla does E (adrenaline

17
Q

gonadotropins - 3

A

ovaries and testes

androgen for growth - contribute to release of opposing types of hormones from adrenal glands

18
Q

pos pituitary - 2

A

vasopressin - water regulation - homeostasis, males and females, modulate BP, retain water
oxytocin - uterine motility during labour/pregnancy/lactation

19
Q

too much GH - 2

A

similar to diabetes mellititis but maternal blood analysis doesnt matter

20
Q

excess GH persist post natal

A

babies’ body fat gets converted into glucose

21
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

insulin dependent, pancreas do not produce it -

22
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

non-insulin dependent, cells unable to absorb blood glucose properly

23
Q

prepubertal excess GH

A

gigantism - over production of proteins and other componenets of the body, affected strctures of the bones - keep growing length wise - you can try and mute the effects

24
Q

post pubertal excess GH

A

acromegaly - weight - you grow sideways - overproduction of bone density

25
Q

hyposecretion of GH

A

growth failure at an early stage - compared to growth charts so we can catch the undersecretion or why

26
Q

psychosocial dwarfism -

A

60s where they put institutionalized kids who didnt have parents/place to live into a psychologically challenging environment with a sadistic teacher - TH and GH were suppressed for 3 months and returned to normal within half a year after removal

27
Q

thyroid hormone comes from

A

thyroid glands

28
Q

hyperthyroidism has 2 reasons

A

autoimmune

thyroiditis

29
Q

autoimmune

A

decides to attach itself but we dont always know why - grave’s/don nods disease - thin, nervous, pale, bulging eyes and frizzy hair

30
Q

thyroiditis

A

swelling of the thyroid gland
if it oversecreted when you were a kid it migt underproduce when youre older
elevated needs of BMR, thin

31
Q

hypothyroidism -3

A

can be detected with obesity being a symptom
thyroiditis - high chance of fixing it
nodular - growth on thyroid gland - detectable and fixable

32
Q

adrenals release

- 3

A

cortisol
- breakdown of macronutrients
too little - addison’s - social being is stressed, effects intermediate fibres and darkening of skin tone
too much - decreased growth - cushings syndrome with mild impact on growth and inflammatory response - not permenant and predictable

GDA (13 decks)

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