Genetics Flashcards
inherited characteristics 2
genetic info as members of the human species - walk upright, brain size, engage in social reasons
characteristics transmitted through a specific gene pool
Characteristics transmitted through a specific gene pool 2
unique
genetic history will be passed done
- how did we get the diversification
- how would we pass down/not pass down (control)
gene 2
on chromosome
part of DNA
allele
variant forms of each gene (colors/shapes)
genotype
genetic info
phenotype
what is expressed
mapping of DNA genome to
design babies
Pairs of chromosomes
23, 22 autosomes 1 sex cell gametes
how many chromosomes?
46 - crossovered and replicated 64 trillion times to produce in the first few weeks of gestation (cell division - differences arise
how many different sex cells
2 - different sizes, males have both xy
laws of heredity
mendelian genetics - pea plants for fast production
depends on contribution from both parents
predict the off springs
patterns of genetic inheritance
each chromosome paring has one allele from each parent for each gene
alike alleles - homozygous child displays trait
unlike alleles - heterozygous child may display the trait
dominant recessive relationship
dominant allele - trait - recessive will have no effect
heterozygous is a _____________ of the recessive trait
carrier
homozygous of a harmful trait
affected
most serious diseases are due to
recessive genes because if it was on a dominant it would have been eliminated in one generation
except for - huntington’s disease (CNS disorder), Marfans syndrome (excessive lengthening of body, CV disorders) - Dg disease but symptoms come after reproductive age
OR reduced penetrance - Dg not expressing itself
codominance
only in heterozygous
both genes influence the person’s characteristics
sickle cell anemia (oxygen carrying abilities) - hetero - carrier - increased in African descents but also more resistant to Malaria. - can be triggered by oxygen deprivation
x linked inheritance
normal recessive, M and F have equal chances
x-linked - M more likely as Y chromosome is small and contains less info - muscular dystrophy, diabetes, color blindness, hemophilia
genetic imprinting
genes imprinted or chemically marks so that one pair member is activated
temporary
one time
cant be predicted
genetic imprinting for diabetes, asthma and hungtingtons
more likely to be imprinted if father had it
or hay fever, more likely to be imprinted if mother had it
huntingtons - earlier expression if father had it
Chromosomal abnormalities
mistakes during meiosis when ovum and sperm are formed
large amounts of DNA affected
aneuploidy
alterations in chromosome numbers
Monosomy
1 copy of 1 chromosome
