Genetics

Question 1

inherited characteristics 2

Answer 1

genetic info as members of the human species - walk upright, brain size, engage in social reasons
characteristics transmitted through a specific gene pool

Question 2

Characteristics transmitted through a specific gene pool 2

Answer 2

unique
genetic history will be passed done
- how did we get the diversification
- how would we pass down/not pass down (control)

Question 3

gene 2

Answer 3

on chromosome

part of DNA

Question 4

allele

Answer 4

variant forms of each gene (colors/shapes)

Question 5

genotype

Answer 5

genetic info

Question 6

phenotype

Answer 6

what is expressed

Question 7

mapping of DNA genome to

Answer 7

design babies

Question 8

Pairs of chromosomes

Answer 8

23, 22 autosomes 1 sex cell gametes

Question 9

how many chromosomes?

Answer 9

46 - crossovered and replicated 64 trillion times to produce in the first few weeks of gestation (cell division - differences arise

Question 10

how many different sex cells

Answer 10

2 - different sizes, males have both xy

Question 11

laws of heredity

Answer 11

mendelian genetics - pea plants for fast production
depends on contribution from both parents
predict the off springs

Question 12

patterns of genetic inheritance

Answer 12

each chromosome paring has one allele from each parent for each gene
alike alleles - homozygous child displays trait
unlike alleles - heterozygous child may display the trait

Question 13

dominant recessive relationship

Answer 13

dominant allele - trait - recessive will have no effect

Question 14

heterozygous is a _____________ of the recessive trait

Answer 14

carrier

Question 15

homozygous of a harmful trait

Answer 15

affected

Question 16

most serious diseases are due to

Answer 16

recessive genes because if it was on a dominant it would have been eliminated in one generation
except for - huntington’s disease (CNS disorder), Marfans syndrome (excessive lengthening of body, CV disorders) - Dg disease but symptoms come after reproductive age
OR reduced penetrance - Dg not expressing itself

Question 17

codominance

Answer 17

only in heterozygous
both genes influence the person’s characteristics
sickle cell anemia (oxygen carrying abilities) - hetero - carrier - increased in African descents but also more resistant to Malaria. - can be triggered by oxygen deprivation

Question 18

x linked inheritance

Answer 18

normal recessive, M and F have equal chances
x-linked - M more likely as Y chromosome is small and contains less info - muscular dystrophy, diabetes, color blindness, hemophilia

Question 19

genetic imprinting

Answer 19

genes imprinted or chemically marks so that one pair member is activated
temporary
one time
cant be predicted

Question 20

genetic imprinting for diabetes, asthma and hungtingtons

Answer 20

more likely to be imprinted if father had it
or hay fever, more likely to be imprinted if mother had it
huntingtons - earlier expression if father had it

Question 21

Chromosomal abnormalities

Answer 21

mistakes during meiosis when ovum and sperm are formed

large amounts of DNA affected

Question 22

aneuploidy

Answer 22

alterations in chromosome numbers

Question 23

Monosomy

Answer 23

1 copy of 1 chromosome