Cognitive development in early childhood Flashcards
piaget
looked at his own kids, take in info which allows us to adapt
4 learning capacities / responses during infancy/toddlerhood
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
habituation -dishabituation
imitation
classical conditioning
pavloc - condition to respond to stimulus
operant conditioning
rewards and punishers
habituation dishabituation
phase 1 - habituation - when interacting with something they focus on facial patterns - something new, overtime that focus decreases cuz it gets familiar so they spend less time looking at it, you have been habituated because they remember you
phase 2- dishabituation - they focus on something new and the focus is increased
combination of visual and cognitive
imitation -2
how much habituation has to happen before they can imitate?
learning or reflexive muscle
cognitive developmental theory
4 broad stages characterized by qualitatively distinct ways of thinking, the four capacities repeat in each stage
- sensorimotor - birth to 2
- preoperationtional 2-7
- concrete operational 7-11
- formal operational 11 on
what changes with development according to piaget? - 2
schemas - organized ways of making sense of experience- how to walk/run - affected by our environment
action based level to mental level - sensorimotor to preop - instead of dropping it we think about dropping it
how does change take place?
adaptation and organization
adaptation
building schemas through direct interaction with the environment
our plasticity retained allows us to change
AAIMILATIOn - use current schemas to interpret the external world - learn to use it - sensory based - reflexive or purposeful
ACCOMODATION - create new schemes or adjust old ones - the retained plasticity lets us know the diff between walking patterns on carpet vs the floor, diff consequences between dropping a glass on diff surfaces
organization
internal linking of schemas to one another - dropping something near and fat - how to give someone something
6 stages of the sensori stage
reflexive schemes first learned adaptations making interesting sights last coordinating reactions discover through active experience mental representation
reflexive schemes - 3
newborn reflexes - building blocks of sensorimotor intelligence - physical and NS
kick start of interaction with environment
first learned adaptations - 5
primary circular reactions (repetitive)
1-4 months
voluntary control for satisfying results - smacking their lips
accommodate - from sucking on a nipple to a bottle
primary anticipation skills - cry to get what they want
making interesting sights last (4)
secondary circular reactions - more external reactions - touch their mobile
4-8 months
improve control over own behaviour
attention toward environment
coordinate reactions - 4
8-12 months - muslces, more mobile, health, maturation, opportunity
advanced anticipation - stronger connections between things - someone puts a coat on and theyre leaving
physical causality - hit the mobile harder for it to move faster
object permanence
AB search error
object permanence moved
continued to exist even when theyre hidden - it has to be here even if you showed them that you had moved it because they first found it there
discover through active experience - 3
12-18 months
tertiary circular reaction
AB search error corrected
mental representation
construct pics and ideas in our heads
18m-2y, well developed cognitively, entering mental base schema
deferred imitation - remember and use it later
make believe play - pretend that they’re sleeping, cognitively demonstrate what is expected and link the schemes.
three information processing theory
sensory register
working on short term memory
long term memory
sensory register
card of basic info to briefly store info so we can attend to most important sights and sounds
work on short term memory
capacity - only hold a certain amount of info - take in more info than we need
long term memory
categorize schemas - you know it but you put it in a weird category, now you dont know how to retrieve it, its youre permanent knowledge base - retrieval, categorized capacity
language in infancy and childhood
listening and put together for schemas - muscles can create voices or sounds - combine it with a cognitive piece
