Physical and Cognitive development in middle childhood

Question 1

general trends of body growth - 4

Answer 1

6-11 yr

• shift in weight and height, girls move higher
• 8-9 some girls might move into adolescense
• growth spurt for girls tend to happen before puberty
• diff in body composition - hormones for sexual maturation

Question 2

proportions of body growth - 3

Answer 2

longer limbs and slim out
smaller and thinner
temporary to permanent teeth

Question 3

myopia 3

Answer 3

near sightedness

• light hits vitreous (liquid) before the retina which cant be appropriately turned into electrical signals
• irregularly shaped eyeballs, too long - pressure of fluids inside are wonky
• inability to see objects at a distance

Question 4

hyperopia -3

Answer 4

light focus is too deep and hits behind the retina

• eyeball is too short/lens is not pliable enough to be round enough to refract the light
• difficulty focusing on near objects

Question 5

presbyopia

Answer 5

late onset of hyperopia - lens not flexible enough/shortened eyeball so the focus falls behind the retina - you’re less plastic as you age and physcial structures break down

Question 6

astigmatism - 2

Answer 6

irregular shaped cornea - football shaped
light rays focus on two points on retina vs one
- refract in multiple rays
- can be corrects, on either eye but difficult because we dont know how you brain interprets it - horizontal/vertical/fuzziness

Question 7

cataracts - 2

Answer 7

degeneration of natural lens - go opague - breakdown of the structure because of protein build up

Question 8

four kinds of cataracts

Answer 8

senile - age related and build up of products
congenital - chromosomal abnormality - born with it
secondary - results of meds - second most common
traumatic - blunt force trama to head/eye - inability to produce proteins

Question 9

how to fix cataracts

Answer 9

take out the lens and put in a new one

Question 10

glaucoma reason

Answer 10

we dont know why

Question 11

what happens in glaucoma

Answer 11

build up of pressure fluid inside eye/retinal wall which causes optic nerve breakdown

Question 12

cure for glaucoma

Answer 12

no cure - second cause of blindness - relief or slow it down

Question 13

symptom of glaucoma

Answer 13

gradual loss of peripheral vision - tunnel vision

Question 14

two types of glaucoma

Answer 14

open vs closed
closed - 6 m, fastest moving form of blindness
open - progressive, no one realizes until its bad

Question 15

disorders of the ear can happen from

Answer 15

trauma/infection

Question 16

3 types of hearing loss

Answer 16

conductive
cochlear
presbycusis

Question 17

conductive hearing loss - 3

Answer 17

outer/middle ear - structures of the body cannot conduct the waves/pass the vibrations on through the middle ear (tympanic membrane) -
lose flexibility and you need larger waves - same with ossicles
- defective because of continous exposure to excessive amts of noise

Question 18

cochlear hearing loss - 2

Answer 18

inner ear

electrical signal - hairs sensitive to lots of things - ear infections may damage them

Question 19

presbycusis - 3

Answer 19

age related - conductive or chchlear
breakdown of auditory structures
males more suceptible till 75, then the same risk

Question 20

tinnitus - 2

Answer 20

ringing in the ear - auditory perceives ringing sound, sometimes combined with another hearing disorder
- temporary from diff causes, coming out of a loud environment

Question 21

unpleasant hearing

Answer 21

interpret sound to be very unpleasant
- hyperacusis
loudness sensitivity

Question 22

hyperacusis

Answer 22

overstimulation during normal sounds - how the brain interprets it

Question 23

loudness sensitivity

Answer 23

sensory ____ due to cochlear

you hear things excessively in greater volume

Question 24

why do children get more ear infections

Answer 24

shorter hearing tubes - bacteria

Question 25

seriation - 2

Answer 25

order things along quantitatively and why
- diff length sticks/nesting dolls
spatial reasoning - maps, diagrams, maze, understand space , some might take a while

Question 26

gross motor development

Answer 26

6/7 lots of PA and exercise and may have dropped out already - flexibility/strength /neurological system 7-11 - dynamic and stationary movements like run, hop skip

• refinement of skills
• improved motor performance

Question 27

fine motor development

Answer 27

most children can dress themselves

• fork and knives
• scissors
• writing - cursive
• draw - proportional, depth and perspective 1d-2d-3d

Question 28

language development 3

Answer 28

sensitive period
2nd period during middle childhood can score as well as native speakers
success rate lowers after middle childhood
- 40-50000 words- school full time, new significant adults and we start reading, more conversive and love to talk