Physical and cognitive development in late adulthood

Question 1

how the WHO expects the world pop to change

Answer 1

triangle with young up top
square with extreme large birth rate with baby boomer - enter late adulthood in 2030 doubling the % of ppl over the age of 65 and 4x 80+

Question 2

06-11 canadian increase

Answer 2

65+ 14.1 increase
pop 5.6
children under 14 0.5

Question 3

birth crisis in canada

Answer 3

REDUCTION IN CANADIAN BABIES

Question 4

older adults are

Answer 4

taking over canada - focus of government is health care - majority

Question 5

alberta and old ppl

Answer 5

lower proportion

Question 6

sask and old ppl

Answer 6

only province with a decrease since 2006, influx of young ppl

Question 7

estern canada and old ppl

Answer 7

a lot

Question 8

leth and victoria for old ppl

Answer 8

compete for number 1

Question 9

the aging brain - 3

Answer 9

retains considerable plasticity
short years left - dont wanna know everything
small decrease in volume - pruning - use what we need

Question 10

mankato nuns

Answer 10

minesota that donated their brains which they exercised daily with mental exercises - diseased but showed no signs - lived much longer than avg life span

Question 11

how do we retain plasticity

Answer 11

stimulate brain with mental exercises to increase dendritic branching

Question 12

vision deficit - 4

Answer 12

males suffer more but at 75 male and female comparable
adaptation - dark and light (rods) inability to decipher around headlights
lose peripheral vision
legal blindness 20/200

Question 13

hearing deficit - 2

Answer 13

decline in speech perception - greatest impact in life satisfaction
doesnt equate

Question 14

taste/smell deficiency

Answer 14

60+ decrease number of smell receptors therefore sensitivity - fire

Question 15

touch/pain deficiency - 2

Answer 15

decrease circulation and number of receptors - blood doesnt leave
cells responbible for touch reception begin to lose signals

Question 16

4 diseases of the NS

Answer 16

peripheral neuropathy
multiple sclerosis
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
parkinsons disease

Question 17

peripheral neuropathy

Answer 17

loss of neuronal info from feet/lower limbs

Question 18

MS

Answer 18

lack of myelination - cyclical disorder where patients have bouts of deficts - high risk in canada we are far from the equator, no known cure

Question 19

ALS

Answer 19

lugerics disease- degeneration of NS, components of fibre in the brain, quick and progressive decline in neurological functioning - 2-5 years before theyre paralyzed - no known cure

Question 20

PD

Answer 20

neurological degenerative disorder - loss of dopamine (move electrical signals) movements are less efficient - lose capacity to engage - purposeful tremors - not enough signals to initiate or stop it, you can slow it with meds, exercise helps

Question 21

terminal decline - 2

Answer 21

steady, marked decline in cognitive functioning prior to death
avg length - 3-4 years for normal brain

Question 22

cognitive terminal decline

Answer 22

6 mental abilities, some decline more so than others and change in diff ways

Question 23

2 classes of mental abilities

Answer 23

crystalized learning increases
- vocab, general info, logical reasoning
fluid decreases
- number series, spatial visualization, picture series

Question 24

crystalized learning

Answer 24

increases steadily

Question 25

fluid learning

Answer 25

decreases in late 20/30s,

Question 26

why does fluid learning end - 2

Answer 26

formal education ends, less likely to use because we dont need to, always using crystalized, fluid declines but still capacity to learn brain - damaged?