New born's capacities

Question 1

5 states of arousal

Answer 1

regular sleep 
irregular sleep 
drowsiness 
quiet alertness 
waking activity and crying

Question 2

why do we have so much data

Answer 2

normative data so you know if they are outside of average

Question 3

regular sleep

Answer 3

8-9 hours
rapid eye movement - restlessness, HR and BP increase, dreaming
50-80% infants, 20% adults
Non rapid eye movement

Question 4

irregular sleep

Answer 4

8-9 hours

uncontrolled facial expressions

Question 5

drowsiness

Answer 5

varies - waking up and falling asleep

increases as you age because of your hormones

Question 6

quiet alertness

Answer 6

2-3 hours

waking activity and crying - 1-2 hours because of sick or incorrect needs

Question 7

new born reflexes 7

Answer 7

not making a conscious decision 
sensorimotor - using senses and motor responses 
basic responses 
automatic 
to inform
nervous system
reactions to stimuli of touch

Question 8

2 types of new born reflexes

Answer 8

survival - automatically and participate with surviving - keep some
primitive - evolutionary value but we dont know why - outgrow or transition

Question 9

permanent survival reflexes that we require 4

Answer 9

breathing - CV challenge - change pattern
eye blink - protective measure
pupillary - least control after exposure
swallowing - conscious parts, gag reflex

Question 10

2 survival reflexes that disappear in 6 m

Answer 10

rooting - touch/stroke cheek and you turn your head and open your mouth - get nutrients
suckling - automatically suck an object placed in mouth

Question 11

3 primitive responses

Answer 11

moro - response to sudden noise/movement (6-7m)
- 1st stage, opening of body, toes too
- 2nd stage, closing of body
grasping - stimulus for a tight grasp - (3-4 m)
- touch to palmar surface or visual stimulus for reach and grasp
babinski - toes open when outer sole of foot is stroked - curling of foot - tickle response (9m-1yr)

Question 12

sensory system of babies

Answer 12

in addition to reflexes

• temperature change - cold is dangerous and important, warm is okay
• pain - no anesthetic for circumcisions until the 1990s, they thought they have no perception of pain and concern with the anesthetic

Question 13

taste and smell in babies

Answer 13

close nerve innervation

Question 14

4 primary tastes

Answer 14

sour, bitter, salt, sweet

Question 15

5th and 6th taste

Answer 15

unami and fat

Question 16

is there a tongue map?

Answer 16

no, taste buds are everywhere

Question 17

sensitivity to taste present

Answer 17

After birth, 2 yr olds can taste based on facial expressions - rosenstein and oster

Question 18

newborns and odors

Answer 18

ability to differentiate
MacFarlane - 1975
breast pads of mtohers give a more positive eating response

Question 19

newborns and hearing 4

Answer 19

localization and discrimination of sounds
high threshold for sound - harder to hear
outer ear collects sound waves but inner ear not developed yet
knows to distinguish between languages

Question 20

newborns and vision 3

Answer 20

least developed
very poor vision when they are born
lack of development of their eyes - they look but they dont see a whole lot

Question 21

development in infancy and toddlerhood

Answer 21

0-2

Question 22

muscle development

Answer 22

muscles are from embryonic mesoderm and there are 3 types
by week 9 there are muscle groups
connections are made - nervous system by neurons
fibre typing begins at week 10
heads are too big so they develop their posture.

Question 23

body growth

Answer 23

rapidly in first 2 years
75% longer
weight quadrupled

Question 24

gender differences

Answer 24

growth charts boys out weight and out height girls (increase)

Question 25

baby fat peaks at

Answer 25

9 months but it is just temporary

muscle tissue increases slowly during growth phase with bone, muscle and immune system

Question 26

fat kids

Answer 26

does not equal obesity - adolescence however does