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Pathology > Physical & Chemical Injuries > Flashcards

Physical & Chemical Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Common alteration on the buccal mucosa; most likely with pressure or frictional irritation:

A

Linea alba

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2
Q

Clinical features:

-B/L white line at level of occlusal plane
-may appear scalloped
-common

A

Linea alba

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3
Q

What is the treatment for lines alba?

A

Treatment not indicated

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4
Q

Morsicatio buccarum, morsicato labiorum:

A

Chronic mucosal chewing

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5
Q

Chronic mucosal chewing is often observed in:

A

stress/psychological situations

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6
Q

Clinical features:

-thickened, shredded white areas
-MC on buccal mucosa
-May have areas of erythema or ulceration

A

Chronic mucosal chewing

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7
Q

What is the treatment for chronic mucosal chewing?

A

Treatment not indicated

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8
Q

Often caused by acute or chronic injuries such as a sharp cusp on a tooth:

A

Traumatic ulceration

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9
Q

_____ ulcers are caused medication intervention (trauma from dental instrument or anesthesia)

A

Iatrogenic

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10
Q

Iatrogenic ulcers are an example of:

A

Traumatic ulceration

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11
Q

What form of traumatic ulceration is considered histologically unique?

A

Traumatic ulceration with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE)

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12
Q

Clinical features:

-MC on tongue, lips, buccal mucosa
-area of erythema and fibrinous exudate
-often appears crater-like
-may have hyperkeratotic collar

A

Traumatic ulceration

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13
Q

Differential diagnoses for traumatic ulcerations: (3)

A
  1. deep fungal infection
  2. syphilitic ulcer
  3. squamous cell carcinoma
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14
Q

Treatment for traumatic ulceration:

A
  1. remove source of irritation if present
  2. biopsy for longstanding lesions
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15
Q

Accounts for 5% of all burn admissions:

A

oral cavity electric burns

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16
Q

Clinical features:

-MC site in adults: hands
-MC site in children: oral cavity- lips most frequent
-Charred area, that becomes necrotic

A

Electrical burns

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17
Q

Most common area for electrical burns in adults:

A

Hands

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18
Q

Most common area for electrical burns in children:

A

mouth

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19
Q

Often occur from hot foods/beverages:

A

thermal burns

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20
Q

Clinical features:

-most common on palate or posterior buccal mucosa
-zones of erythema & ulceration
-necrotic epithelium

A

Thermal burns

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21
Q
A

Linea alba

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22
Q
A

Chronic mucosal chewing

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23
Q
A

Chronic mucosal chewing

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24
Q
A

Traumatic ulceration

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25
Q
A

Electrical burns (child)

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26
Q
A

Thermal burn

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27
Q

Treatment for thermal & electrical burns include:

A
  1. prophylactic antibiotic for severe cases
  2. appliances to prevent microstomia
  3. surgical intervention
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28
Q

Chemicals & drugs placed in the oral cavity that cause caustic injuries:

A

Chemical injuries

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29
Q

Dental related chemical injuries can be due to: (4)

A
  1. silver nitrate
  2. formocresol
  3. sodium hypolchlorite
  4. acid etch materials
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30
Q

What common drug can induce chemical burn?

A

aspirin

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31
Q

Aspirin may cause:

A

mucosal necrosis

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32
Q

Clinical features:

-white areas of epithelial necrosis
-may slough off (tissue)
-mucosal necrosis

A

Chemical burn- aspirin

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33
Q

Treatment for an aspirin chemical burn:

A
  1. prevent exposure
  2. limit use
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34
Q

What type of sexual activity may cause trauma to the oral mucosa?

A

Orogenital

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35
Q

Clinical features:

-palatal petechiae
-fibrous hyperplasia

A

Oral trauma from sexual acts

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36
Q

Differential diagnosis for oral trauma caused by sexual acts:

A
  1. trauma
  2. violet coughing
  3. platelet abnormalities
  4. viral infections
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37
Q

Treatment for oral trauma caused by sexual acts:

A

No treatment indicated

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38
Q

Implantation of dental amalgam into oral mucosa:

A

amalgam tattoo

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39
Q

Amalgam tattoo may be incorporatied into the oral mucosa in many ways including: (4)

A
  1. after restorative material
  2. fractured amalgam restorations
  3. contaminated dental floss
  4. endodontic treatment
40
Q

Differential diagnosis for amalgam tattoo: (4)

A
  1. melanotic macule
  2. melanoma
  3. tattoos
  4. graphite (pencil)
41
Q

Treatment for amalgam tattoo:

A

None if diagnosis confirmed - biopsy if not

42
Q

Anticancer therapy may result in damage to:

A

normal tissue

43
Q

A common site for cancer complications:

A

oral cavity

44
Q

Oral complications of cancer therapy is related to:

A

Radiation & chemotherapy

45
Q

Clinical features:

-Mucositis
-Hemorrhage
-Xerostomia

A

Oral complications of cancer therapy

46
Q

Occurs in 80% of patient treated with head & neck radiation:

A

Mucositis

47
Q

Mucositis may present as:

A
  1. atrophic mucosa
  2. edema
  3. erythema
48
Q

Describe the atrophic mucosa seen mucositis:

A

ulcerations & epithelial necrosis

49
Q

Usually secondary to thrombocytopenia; develops from bone marrow suppression:

A

hemorrhage

50
Q

Salivary glands are sensitive to radiation therapy; this can also cause caries

A

Xerostomia

51
Q

Treatment for oral complications of cancer therapy (Mucositis) include:

A

Topical anesthetics, pain medication, coating agents

52
Q

Treatment for oral complications of cancer therapy (Xerostomia) include:

A

Sugarless candy, medications, fluoride trays

53
Q
A

chemical injury

54
Q
A

chemical injury

55
Q
A

chemical burn - aspirin

56
Q
A

Oral trauma from sexual activity

57
Q
A

oral trauma from sexual activity

58
Q
A

amalgam tattoo

59
Q
A

amalgam tattoo

60
Q
A

Oral complication of cancer treatment

61
Q
A

Oral complication of cancer treatment

62
Q

Abnormal growth of gingival tissues secondary to use of systemic medication:

A

drug-related gingival hyperplasia

63
Q

Drug-related gingival hyperplasia is strongly associated with what drugs:

A
  1. phenytoin
  2. nifedipine
  3. cyclosporine
64
Q

Clinical features:

-gingival enlargement originating in interdental papillae
-spreads across tooth surface
-edentulous areas usually not affected

A

Drug-related gingival hyperplasia

65
Q

Treatment of drug-related gingival hyperplasia:

A
  1. Discontinuation of offending medication
  2. oral hygeine
  3. surgery
66
Q

T/F: Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia greatly affects edentulous areas

A

False- usually does not affect edentulous areas

67
Q

Denture Epulis may also be called:

A
  1. Epulis fissuratum
  2. inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia
68
Q

Hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue due to ill-fitting denture/partial:

A

Denture epulis

69
Q

Clinical features:

-Folds of hyperplastic tissue in alveolar vestibule
-firm & fibrous
-kay be erythematous

A

Denture epulis

70
Q

Treatment for denture epulis:

A
  1. surgical removal
  2. denture should be remade or relined
71
Q

Often arises from traumatic event resulting in hemorrhage within tissues:

A

Submucosal hemorrhage

72
Q

Non-traumatic causes of submucosal hemorrhage:

A
  1. anticoagulant therapy
  2. thrombocytopenia
  3. viral infections
  4. hemorrhagic disease
73
Q

Clinical features:

-Petechiae
-Purpura
-Ecchymosis
-Hematoma

A

Submucosal hemorrhage

74
Q

Minute hemorrhage on skin or mucosa (tiny):

A

Petechiae

75
Q

Slightly larger area of hemorrhage (4-10mm):

A

Purpura

76
Q

Hemorrhage greater than 1cm:

A

Ecchymosis

77
Q

Hemorrhage that produces a large mass:

A

Hematoma

78
Q

Treatment for submucosal hemorrhage:

A
  1. may resolve spontaneously
  2. directed at treated the underlying cause
79
Q

Several medications may be implicated such minocycline, AIDS meds, Estrogen, Ketoconazole:

A

Drug-related discolorations

80
Q

Clinical features:

-Diffuse melanosis of mucosal surfaces
-MC in females

A

Drug-related discolorations

81
Q

Treatment of drug-related discolorations:

A

Discontinuing medication usually results in regression over time

82
Q

What are some medications that may cause drug-related discolorations: (4)

A
  1. minocycline
  2. AIDS meds
  3. estrogen
  4. ketoconazole
83
Q

Topical antibiotic in petrolem base produces a foreign-body reaction:

A

Myospherulosis

84
Q

Myospherulosis may occur at:

A

Surgical extraction site

85
Q

Clinical features:

-Extraction surgical site (mandibular molars)
-Occasional facial swelling
-Radiograph (circumscribed radiolucency)

A

Myospherulosis

86
Q

Treatment for myospherulosis:

A

surgical removal

87
Q
A

Drug-related gingival hyperplasia

88
Q
A

Drug-related gingival hyperplasia

89
Q
A

Denture epulis

90
Q
A

Submucosal hemorrhage

91
Q
A

Submucosal hemorrhage

92
Q
A

Drug-related discoloration

93
Q
A

Drug-related discoloration

94
Q
A

Myospherulosis

95
Q
A

Myospherulosis

96
Q
A

Pathology (28 decks)

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