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Pathology > Introduction to General & Systemic Pathology > Flashcards

Introduction to General & Systemic Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

A abnormal condition that may impair bodily function, cause discomfort, social problems, death:

A

Disease

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2
Q

The cause of the disease process:

A

Etiology

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3
Q

The mechanisms of disease development (how it develops):

A

Pathogenesis

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4
Q

Objective, something you can see:

A

Sign

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5
Q

Subjective, something the patient tells you:

A

Symptom

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6
Q

A sign whose presence means that a particular disease is present beyond any doubt:

A

Pathognomonic

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7
Q

The disease state of an individual; incidence (number) of illness in a population:

A

Morbidity

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8
Q

Incidence (number) of death in a population:

A

Mortality

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9
Q

Any type of clinical or molecular abnormality:

A

Lesion

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10
Q

The biochemical and structural changes induced in cells and organs:

A

molecular & morphologic changes

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11
Q

The functional consequences of morphologic changes:

A

Clinical manifestations

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12
Q

Irritation by biting cheek/tongue, a sharp tooth, etc:

A

Traumatic ulcer

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13
Q

White lesion that is irregular & thickened - cannot find cause for it:

A

Leukoplakia

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14
Q

Lesion on tooth that maybe xerostomia-related:

A

Carious lesion

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15
Q

Pigmented lesion, irregular in shape:

A

Melanoma

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16
Q

The most common intraoral melanoma sites in adults is on the:

A

Palate

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17
Q

-Traumatic ulcer
-Leukoplakia
-Carious lesion
-Melanoma

These are all types of:

A

Lesions

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18
Q

A lesion may be invisible because: (2)

A
  1. Located deep within body
  2. Has molecular basis
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19
Q

Examples of invisible lesions due to having a molecular basis (biochemical lesions): (3)

A
  1. Diabetes mellitus
  2. Schizophrenia
  3. Phenylketonuria
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20
Q

PKU is an example of a ____ lesion

A

“invisible” biochemical lesion

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21
Q

-an autosomal recessive disorder of phenylalanine metabolism- a developmental disease

-caused by a mutation in the enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine (phenylalanine hydroxylase)

-Phenylalanine is toxic to developing brains and causes profound, irreversible mental retardation (cognitive disorder)

A

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

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22
Q

List the six categories of disease:

A
  1. Developmental
  2. Infectious
  3. Neoplastic
  4. Metabolic
  5. Immune-mediated
  6. Reactive
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23
Q

What category of disease can be described as genetic or environmental:

A

Developmental

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24
Q

What category of disease can be described as bacteria, fungal or virus:

A

Infectious

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25
Q

What category of disease can be described as benign or malignant:

A

Neoplastic

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26
Q

What category of disease can be described as endocrine:

A

Metabolic

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27
Q

What category of disease can be described as allergy, hypersensitivity or autoimmunity?

A

Immune-mediated

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28
Q

What category of disease can be described as physical, chemical, factorial, or iatrogenic injuries:

A

Reactive

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29
Q

Cherubism us an example of a ____ disease

A

Developmental

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30
Q

-autosomal dominant
-puffy appearance causing expansion of jaws (maxilla)
-multiloculated & giant cell lesions (will resolve)
-palatal tori

A

Cherubism

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31
Q

Gardner syndrome is an example of a _____ disease

A

Developmental

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32
Q

Amelogeneis imperfecta is an example of a _____ disease

A

Developmental

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33
Q

-autosomal dominant
-chalky white teeth due to mutation in enamel protein
-enamel flakes off of teeth

A

Amelogenesis imperfecta

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34
Q

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis 18F is an example of a ____ disease

A

Infectious

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35
Q

-inflammation of the oral mucosa & gingiva caused by the herpes virus
-all of us carry this

A

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis

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36
Q

Acromegaly (growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma) is an example of a ____ disease

A

Metabolic

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37
Q

-growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma (neoplasm)
-excessive GH from pituitary usually tumor cause
-mandible continues to grow creating a prognathic appearance
-this occurs after growth plates have fused

A

Acromegaly

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38
Q

Hypothyroidism 18F is an example of a ____ disease

A

Metabolic

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39
Q

-short stature
-delayed dental eruption
-metabolic disease

A

Hypothyroidism 18F

40
Q

Granular cell tumor is an example of a ____ disease

A

Neoplastic

41
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma is an example of a ____ disease

A

Neoplastic

42
Q

Recurrent pathos stomatitis is an example of a ____ disease

A

Immune-mediated

43
Q

-AKA canker sore
-one of the most common ulcers
-T-lymphocytes destroy mucosal surface

A

Recurrent apthous sotmatitis

44
Q

Mucous membrane pemphigoid is an example of a _____ disease

A

Immune-mediated

45
Q

-autoimmune disease affecting gingiva
-easy separation of overlying epithelium to underlying connective tissue with light stream of air
-also called Desquamative gingitivis

A

Mucous membrane pemphigoid

46
Q

Pyogenic granuloma is an example of a _____ disease

A

Reactive

47
Q

-overgrowth of normal healing tissues
-reaction to an irritant- will go away when the irritant is removed (i.e., calculus)

A

Pyogenic granuloma

48
Q

Gingival hyperplasia (commonly seen with DM patients) is an example of a _____ disease

A

Reactive

(the DM part is metabolic)

49
Q

-gingival overgrowth caused by the underlying systemic disease along with an infection
-can be considered both reactive or metabolic

A

Gingival hyperplasia- diabetes mellitus

50
Q

allows the passage of X-rays; appears black; destruction of bone:

A

Radiolucent

51
Q

Lesion on radiograph involving one circle:

A

Unilocular

52
Q

Lesion on radiograph involving multiple circles:

A

Multilocular

53
Q

Lesion on radiograph involving borders not well defined:

A

Ill-defined

54
Q

Lesion on radiograph involving borders easily traced:

A

Well-defined

55
Q

Lesions on a radiograph MUST be described as:

A

Radiolucent or radiopaque

56
Q

Blocks the passage of X-rays; appears white; formation of bone or other mineralized material:

A

Radiopaque

57
Q

A radiopaque lesion on a radiograph may be described as:

A

Ill-defined or well-defined only

58
Q

A radiolucent lesion on a radiograph may be described as:

A

Ill-defined, well-defined, unilocular, multi-locular

59
Q

A small circumscribed elevated lesion, usually less than 1cm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid (watery fluid NOT pus!):

A

Vesicle

60
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

Vesicles

61
Q

A circumscribed elevated lesion that is around 1cm in diameter, usually contains serous fluid (watery fluid NOT pus!):

A

Bulla

62
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

Bulla

63
Q

A lesion that is a less than 1cm water balloon=

A lesion that is greater than 1cm water balloon=

A

Vesicle

Bulla

64
Q

Various sized circumscribed elevations containing pus:

A

Pustule

65
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

Pustule

66
Q

A segment or lobe that is part of the whole, these lobes sometimes appear fused together:

A

Lobule

67
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

Lobule

68
Q

An area that is usually distinguished by a color different from that of the surrounding tissues; it is flat and does not protrude above the surface of normal tissues:

(can only be seen and NOT felt)

A

Macule

69
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

Macule

70
Q

A small circumscribed lesion usually less than 1cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above the surface of normal surrounding tissue:

(a bump, NOT pus or fluid filled, it is solid)

A

Papule

71
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

Papule

72
Q

A circumscribed lesion, usually greater than 1cm in diameter that is elevated or protrudes above or below the surface of normal surrounding tissue:

(a big solid bump)

A

Nodule

73
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

Nodule

74
Q

Attached by a stem-like or stalk base; only described the relationship of the lesion to the underlying tissue, needs more description:

A

Pedunculated

75
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image, needs more description than this though:

A

Pedunculated

76
Q

Describing the base of a lesion that is flat stem-like; flat on a surface with a broad base, needs more description:

A

Sessile

77
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image, needs more description than this though:

A

Sessile

78
Q

A loss in continuity of the epithelium that penetrates to the underlying connective tissue:

A

Ulcer

79
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

Ulcer

80
Q

A patch or differentiated area on a body surface:

A

Plaque

81
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

Plaque- eryhtroplakia (red patch)

82
Q

Diagnose the lesion on this image:

A

Plaque- leukoplakia (white patch)

83
Q

Surface texture described as wrinkled:

A

Corrugated

84
Q

How could you describe this surface texture?

A

Corrugated

85
Q

Surface texture described as a cleft or groove, normal otherwise, showing prominent depth:

A

Fissure

86
Q

How could you describe this surface texture?

A

Fissure

87
Q

Surface texture described as resembling small nipple-shaped projections or elevations found in clusters:

(finger-like projections)

A

Papillary

88
Q

How could you describe this surface texture?

A

Papillary

89
Q

What additional terms can be used to describe surface texture?

A

Smooth, rough, folded

90
Q

How would you described this image?

A

Ill-defined radiopaque lesion

91
Q

How would you described this image?

A

Well-defined, multilocular radiolucent lesion

92
Q

How would you described this image?

A

Well-defined, unilocular radiolucent lesion

93
Q

How would you described this image?

A

Multiple, well-defined, unilocular radiolucent lesions

94
Q

How would you described this image?

A

Left: bulla
Middle: vesicles
Right: collapsed vesicles

95
Q

How would you described this image?
-It is firm to palpation

A

Sessile nodule

96
Q

How would you described this image?

A

Pedunculated papillary papule

97
Q

How would you described this image?

A

Ulcer with erythematous halo

Pathology (28 decks)

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