Phys 66: GI Digestion and Absorption Flashcards

1
Q

Major reaction of digestion

A

Hydrolysis

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2
Q

Major diet carbs

A

Sucrose

Lactrose

Starches

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3
Q

What happens to cellulose

A

Nothing, it cant be digested by humans

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4
Q

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin

A

In mouth by saliva enzyme (ptyalin)

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5
Q

Most of carbohydrate digestion is done by

A

Pancreatic amylase

Way more powerful than salivary amylase

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6
Q

Hydrolysis of small glucose polymers is done by ____

via ____ enzymes
Where

A

Enterocytes

lactase, sucrase, maltase

intestine

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7
Q

Pepsin function

A

Cleaves proteins into smaller peptides. Real work is done down the line by pancreatic enzymes but pepsin is needed to iniate

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8
Q

Pepsin pH activity

A

Most active at pH 2-3

Inactive at pH 5

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9
Q

Collagen is digested by (enzyme)

A

Pepsin

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10
Q

Carboxylpolypeptidase function

A

Cleaves individual amino enzymes from peptide ends

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11
Q

Hydrolysis of neutral fats is catalyzed by

A

Lipase

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12
Q

First step of fat digestion

A

Emulsification of fat by bile acids and lecithin

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13
Q

Tryglycerides are digested by

A

Pancreatic lipase

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14
Q

Phospholipids hydrolized by

A

Phospholipase A2

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15
Q

Total intestinal fluid absorption per day

A

8-9 liters

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16
Q

Folds in small intestine AKA

A

Valvulae coniventes

or

Folds of kerkring

17
Q

Absorptive area of small intestine

A

250 sq meters… or a tennis court

18
Q

Lymph vessel inside of villi is called

A

“central lacteal”

19
Q

Brush border filaments are mved by

A

Actin filaments

20
Q

Water from chyme is absorbed via

A

Osmosis

21
Q

Sodium into intestinal epithelial cells absorbed via

A

SGLT1

Na/Amino acid co transport

Na+/H+ exchanger

22
Q

Aldosterone in intestine

A

Increases sodium absorption, water follows

23
Q

HCO3- is absorbed in duodenum and jejunum via what fashion

A

same as in kidneys

24
Q

Cholera toxin MOA

A

Stimulates sodium secretion in intestinal folds, water follows, you shit water

25
Q

PTH in intestine

A

Activates vitamin D, which then promotes calcium uptake

26
Q

Most of the absorption in colon occurs in

A

Proximal half

27
Q

Brown color of feces comes from

A

Billirubin derivatives

28
Q

Most vitamin K comes from

A

Bacteria in GI tract