Biochem 31: Fatty Acids Flashcards
Key regulatory enzyme for fatty acid synthesis
Acetyl CoA carboxylase
Acetyl CoA carboxylase function
Carboxilates acetyl CoA to make Malonyl CoA
Acetyl CoA added to fatty acid chain to make # carbon chain called ______
16 carbon
Palmitate
Major storage form of fuel
Triacylglycerol
Trialglycerols are produced from _____ and ______
Acetyl CoA
GLycerol-3-phosphate
VLDL function
Carrier of triacylglycerols in blood stream
VLDL triacylglycerol is digested by ______
LPL: lipoprotein lipase
Sphingolipids are built on ____
Serine
Citrate splits into OAA and Acetyl CoA via enzyme _____
Citrate Lyase
Each new acetyl CoA is added to _____ end of growing chain
Carboxyl end
Precursosr of arachadonic acid
Linoleic acid
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase is inhibitted by
Malonyl CoA
Glucocorticoids inhibit arachidonic acid synthesis by inhibitting
Phospholipase A
Leuktorines are made from arachidonic acid via
Lipoxygenase
Clycloxigenase makes ____ from _____
PGG2 from arachidonic acid
PGG2 can be metabolized into either ___ or ____
Thromboxanes or prostaglandins
Aspirin MOA
Covalently acetylates active site of cyclooxygenase blocking TXA2 prodution and prostaglandins as well
Glycerol kinase defficiency genetic defect
accompanying syndromes?
Contiguous deletion of x chromosome .
Can be accompanied by adrenal insufficiency and duchenne muscular distrophy
Alcohol use leads to ___ VLDL
Why?
High
NADH is elevated which inhibits fatty acid oxidation.
Lack of fatty acid oxidation causes fatty acids to turn back into glycerol-3-phosphate which is carried out by VLDL
As this progresses, inability to secrete triacylglycerols causes buildup of fatty liver
Familial combined hyperlipidemia features
Increased apolipoprotein leading to LDL and or VLDL elevation
If LPL defficiency then ____
High triacylglycerol VLDL
RDS Respiratory distress syndrome
Lack of lung surfactant in preemie
alipoproteins, cholesterol, phosphatidylglycerol
Statins work by
inhibittign HMG-CoA reductase to stop cholesterol synthesis
Pulmonary maturity indicated by
increased levels of phosphatidylcholine
Decrease in perilipin leads to
Enhanced basal rate of lipolysis
High levels of NEFA lead to what in β cells?
Fatty acid oxidation whigh raises acetyl-CoA levels
Increased acetyl-CoA leads to more TCA cycle which means less insulin
Abetalipoprotenimia characteristics
Lack of microsomal transport protein leads to reduced VLDL prduction in liver
Diahreah, vomiting, poor growth
eye problems
Adipose tissue gets fatty acids from
VLDL and chylomicrons in blood
In MCAD defficiency, which enzyme is deactivated leading to decreased gluconeogenesis?
Pyruvate carboxylase
G6PD defect produce NADPH via
Malic enzyme
