Biochem 31: Fatty Acids

Question 1

Key regulatory enzyme for fatty acid synthesis

Answer 1

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

Question 2

Acetyl CoA carboxylase function

Answer 2

Carboxilates acetyl CoA to make Malonyl CoA

Question 3

Acetyl CoA added to fatty acid chain to make # carbon chain called ______

Answer 3

16 carbon

Palmitate

Question 4

Major storage form of fuel

Answer 4

Triacylglycerol

Question 5

Trialglycerols are produced from _____ and ______

Answer 5

Acetyl CoA
GLycerol-3-phosphate

Question 6

VLDL function

Answer 6

Carrier of triacylglycerols in blood stream

Question 7

VLDL triacylglycerol is digested by ______

Answer 7

LPL: lipoprotein lipase

Question 8

Sphingolipids are built on ____

Answer 8

Serine

Question 9

Citrate splits into OAA and Acetyl CoA via enzyme _____

Answer 9

Citrate Lyase

Question 10

Each new acetyl CoA is added to _____ end of growing chain

Answer 10

Carboxyl end

Question 11

Precursosr of arachadonic acid

Answer 11

Linoleic acid

Question 12

Carnitine palmitoyltransferase is inhibitted by

Answer 12

Malonyl CoA

Question 13

Glucocorticoids inhibit arachidonic acid synthesis by inhibitting

Answer 13

Phospholipase A

Question 14

Leuktorines are made from arachidonic acid via

Answer 14

Lipoxygenase

Question 15

Clycloxigenase makes ____ from _____

Answer 15

PGG2 from arachidonic acid

Question 16

PGG2 can be metabolized into either ___ or ____

Answer 16

Thromboxanes or prostaglandins

Question 17

Aspirin MOA

Answer 17

Covalently acetylates active site of cyclooxygenase blocking TXA2 prodution and prostaglandins as well

Question 18

Glycerol kinase defficiency genetic defect

accompanying syndromes?

Answer 18

Contiguous deletion of x chromosome .

Can be accompanied by adrenal insufficiency and duchenne muscular distrophy

Question 19

Alcohol use leads to ___ VLDL

Why?

Answer 19

High

NADH is elevated which inhibits fatty acid oxidation.

Lack of fatty acid oxidation causes fatty acids to turn back into glycerol-3-phosphate which is carried out by VLDL

As this progresses, inability to secrete triacylglycerols causes buildup of fatty liver

Question 20

Familial combined hyperlipidemia features

Answer 20

Increased apolipoprotein leading to LDL and or VLDL elevation

Question 21

If LPL defficiency then ____

Answer 21

High triacylglycerol VLDL

Question 22

RDS Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer 22

Lack of lung surfactant in preemie

alipoproteins, cholesterol, phosphatidylglycerol

Question 23

Statins work by

Answer 23

inhibittign HMG-CoA reductase to stop cholesterol synthesis

Question 24

Pulmonary maturity indicated by

Answer 24

increased levels of phosphatidylcholine

Question 25

Decrease in perilipin leads to

Answer 25

Enhanced basal rate of lipolysis

Question 26

High levels of NEFA lead to what in β cells?

Answer 26

Fatty acid oxidation whigh raises acetyl-CoA levels

Increased acetyl-CoA leads to more TCA cycle which means less insulin

Question 27

Abetalipoprotenimia characteristics

Answer 27

Lack of microsomal transport protein leads to reduced VLDL prduction in liver

Diahreah, vomiting, poor growth

eye problems

Question 28

Adipose tissue gets fatty acids from

Answer 28

VLDL and chylomicrons in blood

Question 29

In MCAD defficiency, which enzyme is deactivated leading to decreased gluconeogenesis?

Answer 29

Pyruvate carboxylase

Question 30

G6PD defect produce NADPH via

Answer 30

Malic enzyme