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Plant Bio > Phylogenetics > Flashcards

Phylogenetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is nomenclature?

A

system of naming things

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2
Q

Nomenclature in biology

A

Genus species Author

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3
Q

Root in a phylogenetic tree

A

most distant ancestor

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4
Q

nodes in a phylogenetic tree

A

speciation event

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5
Q

leaves in a phylogenetic tree

A

taxa

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6
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

when a physical barrier separates a community and causes speciation

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7
Q

sympatric speciation

A

when speciation occus in the same environment

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8
Q

examples of sympatric speciation

A

polyploidy and pollinator evolution

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9
Q

What is polyploidy?

A

when a haploid (1n) pollen fuses with a diploid (2n) ovule to produce a triploid offspring which are infertile and inviable

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10
Q

Why does polyploidy lead to sympatric speciation?

A

polyploidy generates immediate reproductive isolation

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11
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

change in frequency of a gene due to chance

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12
Q

What is the biological species concept?

A

a species can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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13
Q

What is phylogenetic species concept?

A

a species is the smallest set of organisms that share an ancestor

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14
Q

What is a phylogram?

A

shows branching patterns, with lengths proportional to amount of evolutionary change

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15
Q

What is a cladogram?

A

shows branching pattern and order of speciation event

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16
Q

Why are phylograms preferred?

A

phylograms are more informative, as it provides time of speciation

17
Q

What is plant taxonomy?

A

scientific field that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and names plants

18
Q

Why was the older taxonomy methods confusing?

A

they assumed that similarity is homology

19
Q

What is systematics?

A

taxonomy given an evolutionary depth

20
Q

What is a phylogenetic tree?

A

diagram showing order of evolution

21
Q

What is the goal for taxonomy?

A

to reflect evolutionary relationship
be practical
be stable

22
Q

How is phylogeny built?

A

morphological data

Plant Bio (18 decks)

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