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Plant Bio > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is found in the chloroplast?

A

thylakoids
granum
stroma
inner and outer membrane

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2
Q

What is the granum?

A

stacks of thylakoids, where light reaction occurs

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3
Q

What is the stroma?

A

liquid where the calvin cycle occurs

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4
Q

What does the light reaction depend on?

A

photons of certain wavelengths that interacts with certain pigments

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5
Q

What is photosystem 2 and 1?

A

light harvesting complex, 2 lying upstream

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6
Q

How are electrons passed?

A

PS2 to PQ to bef complex to PC to PS1 to FD to FNR

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7
Q

What does fd do?

A

balances complex and keeps PS2 and PS1 in sync

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8
Q

How do PS2 and PS1 activate?

A

light receptors gets excited when interacting with light

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9
Q

How does the electron originate?

A

Water is split into hydrogen (proton) and oxygen

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10
Q

What occurs as the electron is passed?

A

reduction reaction, as each complex gains hydrogen and loses electrons

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11
Q

What is the result of the ETC?

A

NADPH is produced

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12
Q

How is ATP synthesized?

A

protons (H+) build inside and becomes more acidic, creating a concentration gradient in the thylakoid

protons flow out of the ATP synthase

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13
Q

What is the result of the light reaction?

A

2 ATp and 2 NADPH

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14
Q

What is rubisco?

A

a 5 carbon molecule in the calvin cycle

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15
Q

Phases of the carbon cycle

A

carbon fixation

reduction

rubisco regeneration

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16
Q

Why is rubisco important?

A

the only molecule that can efficiently fix carbon

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17
Q

What is carbon fixation?

A

when inorganic carbon is converted to organic carbon

17
Q

What occurs during carbon fixation?

A

3 rubisco molecules combine with 3 CO2 to produce 18 carbon

17
Q

What happens after 18 carbons are formed in phase 1?

A

18 carbon is broken down into 6 3-PGA (3-phosphoglycerate)

18
Q

What happens to 3-PGA?

A

during the reduction phase, 6 ATP is used to convert into (6) 1,3-biphosphoglycerate

19
Q

What happens to 1,3-biphosphoglycerate?

A

using 6 NADPH, 6 G3P is created (glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate)

20
Q

What happens to G3P?

A

1 is used to produce glocuse, while the other 5 is converted to rubisco using 3 ATP

21
Q

How many cycles is needed to produce glucose?

A

since glucose is 6 C(C6H12O6), 2 cycles are needed

22
Q

How much CO2 is needed to produced one glucose molecule?

A

6 CO2 (2 calvin cycles)

23
Q

How many rubisco molecules is needed for one glucose?

A

6 (2 calvin cycles)

24
Q

How many ATP and NADPH is needed for glucose?`

A

12

25
Q

How much water is needed for one glucose?

A

6 H20 in light cycles

26
Q

Where does oxygen at the end of photosynthesis come from?

A

from water in the light cycle, using 12 H2O molecules to produce the 6 oxygen

27
Q

How is the amount of oxygen and water balanced out?

A

from the amount of water formed during the calvin cycle

28
Q

How has rubisco evolved?

A

over time as CO2 and oxygen levels differed, rubisco shows affinity for both as both compete for rubisco

29
Q

When does photorespiration occur?

A

when rubisco bonds with oxygen when oxygen dominates

30
Q

What is photorespiration?

A

reverse of photosynthesis, where glucose and oxygen is broken down into water and CO2

31
Q

What are the consequences of photorespiration

A

consumes ATP and doesn’t allow plant growth

32
Q

What is C4 photosynthesis?

A

chloroplast do not have direct access to CO2
when bundle sheath cells absorb CO2 and passes to photosynthetic cells

33
Q

How are C4 plants different?

A

presence of bundle sheath cells

34
Q

What are bundle sheath cells?

A

separates photosynthetic cells from oxygen

35
Q

What kind of groups are C4 cells?

A

polyphyletic group

36
Q

How did C4 cells arise?

A

20 million years ago due to the Himilayans rising

37
Q

What is CAM photosynthesis used for?

A

to avoid dehydration, like desert plants

Photosynthesis is done during the day and CO2 is absorbed at night

38
Q

How is CO2 cycled during the CAM cycle?

A

stomata opens at night when CO2 is higher and temperature is cooler

CO2 is converted to malic acid

39
Q

Where is malic acid stored?

A

in the central vacuole, released as CO2 during the day

Plant Bio (22 decks)

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