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Plant Bio > Angiosperm > Flashcards

Angiosperm Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the stamen do?

A

produces pollen

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2
Q

What does the anther possess?

A

four microsporangia

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3
Q

What nourishes the microsporangia?

A

tapetum

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4
Q

What does the microsporangia consist of?

A

diploid sporocyte cells

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5
Q

what replaces cellulose walls of sporocyte cells?

A

callose

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6
Q

What occurs in the sporocyte?

A

division into four microspore cells (tetroid) by one round of meiosis

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7
Q

What is callose replaced by?

A

sporopollenin

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8
Q

What does the sporopollenin do?

A

protect the microspore

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9
Q

What is the sulcus?

A

smooth portion of the microspore that does not have sporopollenin

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10
Q

What happens to the microspore?

A

nucleus divides by mitosis to produce a generative cell and a tube cell

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11
Q

What happens to the microspore after mitosis?

A

becomes a pollen grain

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12
Q

What is the endothecium?

A

cells under the stamen epidermis that shrinks and releases pollen

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13
Q

What does the ovary consist of?

A

carpels fused together to form the stigma and style with the ovary at the base

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14
Q

What is the megasporangium?

A

outgrowths in the ovary wall,

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15
Q

What covers the megasporangium?

A

integument

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16
Q

What is the integument, micropyle, and the megasporangium called?

A

ovule

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17
Q

What happens to the remaining megaspore?

A

divides three times by mitosis to develop into 8 nuclei

18
Q

What happens to the 8 nuclei?

A

two move to the center to become polar nuclei that becomes the central cell

one becomes the egg cell on the micropyle end

two becomes synergid cells around the egg

3 becomes antipodal cells on the other side of the egg that become the female gametophyte/ embryo sac

19
Q

Where is the egg contained in?

A

within the megasporangium covered by the integument

20
Q

What happens when pollenation occurs?

A

pollen grain absorbs water and swells

pollen tube emerges containing the two nucleus and the generative cell

21
Q

What happens to the generative cell?

A

divides into two sperm cells

22
Q

What happens to the pollen tube?

A

carries the sperm down the style, guided by transmitting tissue

eventually locates the ovules in the ovary

23
Q

What does the tube do in the ovary?

A

grows into the micropyle and penetrates the megasporangium

grows into one of the synergid cells and releases two sperm cells

24
Q

What happens to the sperm cells?

A

one fertilizes the egg cell to form a zygote

second sperm binds with the two polar nuclei to form an endosperm

25
Q

What happens after fertilization?

A

flower withers, with only the ovary remaining

26
Q

What happens to the ovules after fertilization?

A

endosperm divides to form endosperm tissue

zygote divides to form a basal cell and an apical cell

27
Q

What happens to the zygote?

A

basal cell forms a suspensor, or a chain of cells

apical cell gives rise to an embryo

28
Q

What does the suspensor do

A

provides nutrients to the embryo

29
Q

What does the basal cell, suspensor, and the embryo form?

A

cotylendon

30
Q

What happens as the embryo enlarges

A

receives nutrients from the endosperm

walls form in the endosperm tissue

31
Q

What does the embryo mature into?

A

one side becomes the shoot tip

hypocotyl, or the stem develops below the shoot tip

root cap, which protects roots develop under the hypocotyl

32
Q

What happens as the embryo matures?

A

nutrients accumulates in the endosperm and dries

embryo becomes dormant

in dicots, ebryo absorbs all the endosperm

33
Q

How does the ovule become a seed?

A

seed coat matures from the integument and becomes a seed

34
Q

What does the seed do after developing?

A

embryo releases hormones to expand the ovary and becomes fruit

35
Q

What are characteristics of angiosperms?

A

largest land plant group

possesses flowers,
carpels,
fruits,
double fertilization with triploid endosperm
specialized conductive cells

36
Q

What ploidy level is the carpel?

A

2n, arising from the angiosperm

37
Q

How does endosperm differ between monocot and dicots

A

monocot endosperm remains present, like wheat and rice

dicot endosperm reduces and is consumed

38
Q

What is the pistil?

A

multiple carpels fused together

39
Q

What does the pistil possess?

A

walls wrapping an ovule and megasporangia within an integument

40
Q

How are flowers found

A

as solitary or grouped (inflorescence)

Plant Bio (22 decks)

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