Ferns Lab

Question 1

Tracheids vs Vessel?

Answer 1

Trachieds: small openings with two tapering ends. More resistance due to pits. THinnger and shorter.

Question 2

Sieve cell vs sieve tube elements?

Answer 2

Sieve cells are narrow with tapering ends. Tubes have companion cells and evolved later. Tubes are larger and longer.

Question 3

Where are vascular bundles found?

Answer 3

Found in roots, stems, and leaves.

Question 4

How are vascular bundles organized?

Answer 4

Roots; single central vascular cylinder
stem: vascular bundles

Question 5

Cambium in dicots vs monocots?

Answer 5

dicots only have cambium

Question 6

How are spores found in ferns>

Answer 6

in the sporangium, bisected by cells called annulus.

Question 7

What is the annulus?

Answer 7

bisects the sporangium, with reinforced inner walls and thin outer walls, permeable to water.

Question 8

How are fern spores released?

Answer 8

1. sporangium dries, and water is drawn out of annulus. Cell shrinks.
2. Outer wall buckles, annulus shortens, and sporangium is pried open to expose spores.
3. Trapped water in the annulus evaporates and cavitates (forms a gas bubble).
4. Cavitation occurs in a chain reaction, with the bubble snapping back to the original form, firing spores.