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Plant Bio > Leaf structure Lab > Flashcards

Leaf structure Lab Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is lamina?

A

leaf blade, widest part of the leaf

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2
Q

What is the petiole?

A

attaches leaf to stem

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3
Q

What kind of leaves lack petioles?

A

Sessile

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4
Q

What are stipules?

A

small green appendages found at the base of the petiole

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5
Q

What is a midrib?

A

travels the length of the leaf and produces veins of vascular tissues

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6
Q

What is the margin?

A

edge of the leaf

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7
Q

What venation do monocots have?

A

parallel venation that dont converge

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8
Q

What venation do dicots have?

A

reticulate venation, with a net like pattern

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9
Q

What is dichotomous venation>

A

veins branch into 2 equal parts, forming a y. found in Ginkgo biloba

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10
Q

What is the arrangement of leaves on a stem called?

A

Phyllotaxy

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11
Q

Types of arrangement

A

alternate, spiral, opposite, whorled

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12
Q

What is alternate arrangement?

A

alternate on each side of the stem, with one leaf per node

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13
Q

What is spiral arrangement?

A

arranged in a spiral along the stem, with one leaf per node

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14
Q

What is opposite arrangement?

A

two leaves arise at the same point, opposite from eachother

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15
Q

What is whorled arrangement?

A

when 3 or more leaves connect to a node

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16
Q

what is a simple leaf?

A

when the blade is completely undivided

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17
Q

What is a compound leaf?

A

leaf blade is divided to form leaflets, with each leaf attached to the rachis

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18
Q

What is rachis?

A

middle vein

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19
Q

What is palmately compound?

A

having leaflets radiating outwards from the end of the petiole, like fingers off the palm

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20
Q

What is pinnately compound?

A

leaflets arranged along the middle vein (midrib)

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21
Q

what is double compound?

A

leaves are devided twice, leaflets arranged along a secondary vein

22
Q

What is a leaflet in a double compound leaf called?

A

pinnule (singular)/ pinna (plural)

23
Q

How do different compound leaves radiate?

A

palamately- petiole
pinnately- midrib
doubly- veins

24
Q

What is the epidermis, and what does it consist of?

A

outer layer of the leaf with an upper and lower option

25
Q

what is the adaxial surface?

A

upper side of the epidermis

26
Q

What is the abaxial portion?

A

lower side of the epidermis, with a larger ratio of stomata

27
Q

What does the epidermis do?

A

aids in regulation of gas exchange

28
Q

What are guard cells

A

regulates opening of stoma, 2 per stoma

29
Q

What makes guard cells unique?

A

only epidermal cells to contain chloroplast

30
Q

How thick is the epidermis?

A

one cell thick, but can be several layers in extreme environments

31
Q

How can layers of epidermis help?

A

protect against water loss from transpiration

32
Q

What is the cuticle?

A

a waxy layer

33
Q

What do cuticles do?

A

reduces rate of water loss from leaf surface

34
Q

What are trichomes?

A

leaves that avert herbivory, restrict insect movement, store toxic compounds, and reduce transpiration by blocking air flow

35
Q

What is the mesophyll?

A

middle leaf, found under the epidermis

36
Q

What are mesophyll cells found in?

A

dicots

37
Q

What cells are found in the mesophyll?

A

palisade parenchyma and spongy parenchyma

38
Q

What is palisade parenchyma?

A

column-shaped tightly packed cells for photosynthesis, 1-3 layers thick

39
Q

What are spongy parenchyma?

A

loosely-arranged irregularly shaped cells with air space for gas exchange between the leaf and the outside

40
Q

What can spongy parenchyma do for aquatic plants?

A

allows the leaf to float

41
Q

What do both types of parenchyma have in common?

A

abundant chloroplast

42
Q

What is the vascular bundle?

A

bundle of xylem and phloem

43
Q

What does xylem do?

A

transports water and minerals to leaves using tracheids and vessels

44
Q

What is phloem?

A

transports photosynthetic products from the leaf to other parts of the plant

45
Q

What are coniferous leaves like?

A

reduced size and needle-like

46
Q

what do needle-like leaves do?

A

possess sunken stomata and smaller surface area to reduce water loss in cold environment

47
Q

How do cacti survive in hot environments?

A

succulent leaves that conserve water

48
Q

How do aquatic plants adapt?

A

wide lamina that can float, with a thick cuticle to repel water

49
Q

Examples of modified leaves

A

bracts, spines, reproductive, tendrils, storage, trap

50
Q

what do bracts do?

A

protects flowers from environment an insects

51
Q

What are spines?

A

protects from herbivores, radiates heat, collects water

52
Q

What do tendrils do?

A

helps plant climb and support

Plant Bio (22 decks)

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