PHRM 825: Peds

Question 1

Infant weight doubles by what month of life?

Answer 1

4-6 months

Question 2

Infant weight triples by what month of life?

Answer 2

12 months

Question 3

Infant length increases by 50% by what month of life?

Answer 3

12 months

Question 4

When does adipose tissue distribution begin?

Answer 4

after age 2

Question 5

What percentile do we want children to be in on the growth chart?

Answer 5

at least 50th percentile

Question 6

What would classify a child as “failure to thrive”

Answer 6

• Fall of 2 major percentiles

- Weight <3-5th percentile

Question 7

What causes variations in growth?

Answer 7

• Age
• Organ function
• Body composition
• Growth is not linear!!!

Question 8

What does the AAP recommend for breastfeeding?

Answer 8

• Exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months
• Optimal to continue for at least 1 year
• May extend beyond 1 year if desired

Question 9

What are 4 breastfeeding advantages for newborns?

Answer 9

• Optimal nutrients
• Decreased risk of infection
• Decreased risk of immune-mediated diseases
• Psychological and cognitive advantages

Question 10

What are 5 breastfeeding advantages for mothers?

Answer 10

• Decreased post partum bleeding
• Faster time to attainment of pre-pregnancy weight
• Decreased risk of breast and ovarian cancer
• Increased child spacing
• Mother-infant bond

Question 11

When is breastfeeding contraindicated?

Answer 11

• Infections

- Certain drugs

Question 12

What drug characteristics decrease its penetration to breastmilk?

Answer 12

• High MW
• Low lipid solubility
• High protein binding
• High volume of distribution
• Short T1/2

Question 13

How many times a day will term, health infants feed?

Answer 13

6-9

Question 14

What is the caloric density of breast milk?

Answer 14

20 kcal/oz

Question 15

What is the carbohydrate in breast milk?

Answer 15

Lactose

Question 16

How much of breast milk is water, fat, protein, lactose, and other?

Answer 16

Water: 88.1%
Fat: 3.8%
Protein: 0.9%
Lactose: 7%
Other: 0.2%

Question 17

When is formula feeding indicated?

Answer 17

• Substitute or supplement feeds for mothers who do not or cannot breastfeed
• Infants with human milk intolerance
• Maternal infection transmittable through breastfeeding
• Maternal chemotherapy
• Infants failing to gain weight despite optimization of breastfeeding

Question 18

How much Vitamin D should be supplemented for premature neonates?

Answer 18

Less than 1.5kg: 200 units/day

Greater than 1.5kg: 200-400 units/day

Question 19

How much iron should be supplemented for premature neonates?

Answer 19

2 mg/kg/day (elemental)

Question 20

How much Vitamin D should be supplemented for term infants?

Answer 20

-Partially or fully breastfed: 400 IU daily

Question 21

How much iron should be supplemented for term infants?

Answer 21

Not routinely indicated for breastfed, healthy infants

Question 22

How many kcal/oz do preterm formulas provide?

Answer 22

24 kcal/oz

Question 23

How many kcal/oz do enriched formulas provide?

Answer 23

22 kcal/oz

Question 24

When is complementary food initiated?

Answer 24

6 months of life

Question 25

What should never be given to a baby <1 yo?

Answer 25

• Honey
• Cow’s milk
• Choking hazards
• Potential allergens

Question 26

To calculate caloric need for patient that is determined as “failure to thrive” what weight do you use?

Answer 26

Weight that corresponds with 50th percentile on growth chart