PHRM 825: Peds Flashcards
Infant weight doubles by what month of life?
4-6 months
Infant weight triples by what month of life?
12 months
Infant length increases by 50% by what month of life?
12 months
When does adipose tissue distribution begin?
after age 2
What percentile do we want children to be in on the growth chart?
at least 50th percentile
What would classify a child as “failure to thrive”
- Fall of 2 major percentiles
- Weight <3-5th percentile
What causes variations in growth?
- Age
- Organ function
- Body composition
- Growth is not linear!!!
What does the AAP recommend for breastfeeding?
- Exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months
- Optimal to continue for at least 1 year
- May extend beyond 1 year if desired
What are 4 breastfeeding advantages for newborns?
- Optimal nutrients
- Decreased risk of infection
- Decreased risk of immune-mediated diseases
- Psychological and cognitive advantages
What are 5 breastfeeding advantages for mothers?
- Decreased post partum bleeding
- Faster time to attainment of pre-pregnancy weight
- Decreased risk of breast and ovarian cancer
- Increased child spacing
- Mother-infant bond
When is breastfeeding contraindicated?
- Infections
- Certain drugs
What drug characteristics decrease its penetration to breastmilk?
- High MW
- Low lipid solubility
- High protein binding
- High volume of distribution
- Short T1/2
How many times a day will term, health infants feed?
6-9
What is the caloric density of breast milk?
20 kcal/oz
What is the carbohydrate in breast milk?
Lactose
How much of breast milk is water, fat, protein, lactose, and other?
Water: 88.1% Fat: 3.8% Protein: 0.9% Lactose: 7% Other: 0.2%
When is formula feeding indicated?
- Substitute or supplement feeds for mothers who do not or cannot breastfeed
- Infants with human milk intolerance
- Maternal infection transmittable through breastfeeding
- Maternal chemotherapy
- Infants failing to gain weight despite optimization of breastfeeding
How much Vitamin D should be supplemented for premature neonates?
Less than 1.5kg: 200 units/day
Greater than 1.5kg: 200-400 units/day
How much iron should be supplemented for premature neonates?
2 mg/kg/day (elemental)
How much Vitamin D should be supplemented for term infants?
-Partially or fully breastfed: 400 IU daily
How much iron should be supplemented for term infants?
Not routinely indicated for breastfed, healthy infants
How many kcal/oz do preterm formulas provide?
24 kcal/oz
How many kcal/oz do enriched formulas provide?
22 kcal/oz
When is complementary food initiated?
6 months of life
What should never be given to a baby <1 yo?
- Honey
- Cow’s milk
- Choking hazards
- Potential allergens
To calculate caloric need for patient that is determined as “failure to thrive” what weight do you use?
Weight that corresponds with 50th percentile on growth chart
