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PHRM 825 > PHRM 825: Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

PHRM 825: Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are (long/short)?

A

Long

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2
Q

Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse in relation to organs?

A

Near or on the organs

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3
Q

What to parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release and what receptors do they activate on the postganglionic neurons?

A

ACH; nicotinic receptors

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4
Q

Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are (long/short)?

A

Short

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5
Q

Where do parasympathetic postganglionic neurons synpase in relation to organs?

A

Synapse on the target organ

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6
Q

What do parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release and what receptors do they activate on the target organ?

A

ACH; muscarinic receptors

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7
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are (long/short)?

A

Short

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8
Q

Where do sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse?

A

On postganglionic neurons near the spinal cord

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9
Q

What do sympathetic preganglionic neurons release and what receptors do they activate on the postganglionic neurons?

A

ACH; nicotinic receptors

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10
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons are (long/short)?

A

Long

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11
Q

Where do sympathetic postganglionic neurons synapse?

A

On the target organ

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12
Q

What do sympathetic postganglionic neurons release and what receptors do they activate on the target organs?

A

NE; Adrenergic receptors

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13
Q

In sweat glands, sympathetic postganglionic neurons involved with stress-related excretion release ___

A

NE

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14
Q

In sweat glands, sympathetic postganglionic neurons involved with thermoregulation release ___

A

ACH

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15
Q

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons to the smooth muscle of the renal vascular bed release ____

A

Dopamine

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16
Q

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons do not synapse in the paravertebral sympathetic ganglion and synapse directly on what organ?

A

Adrenal gland

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17
Q

What do sympathetic preganglionic neurons release onto the adrenal gland and what receptors do they activate?

A

ACH; nicotinic receptors

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18
Q

What do adrenal glands release into the systemic circulation?

A

Epinephrine

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19
Q

Most postganglionic sympathetic neurons release what neurotransmitter?

A

Norepinephrine

20
Q

Drugs that mimic neurotransmitters are referred to at ____ and ___ receptors

A

Receptor agonists; activate

21
Q

Drugs that block neurotransmitters are referred to as ___ and ____ from activating receptors

A

Receptor antagonists; block the endogenous neurotransmitters

22
Q

What are 3 other terms for drugs that mimic acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Cholinergic = muscarinic agonists = parasympathomimetic

23
Q

What are 3 other terms for drugs that block acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

Anticholinergic = muscarinic antagonists = parasympatholytic

24
Q

What are 3 other terms for drugs that mimic norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Adrenergic = adrenergic agonist = sympathomimetic

25
Q

What are 3 other terms for drugs that block norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Antiadrenergic = adrenergic antagonist = sympatholytic

26
Q

Where is the M3 muscarinic receptor found?

A

Smooth muscle and glands

27
Q

Where is the M2 muscarinic receptor found?

A

In the heart

28
Q

What G protein is associated with M1, M3 and M5?

A

Gq

29
Q

What G protein is associated with M2 and M4

A

Gi

30
Q

What are muscarinic receptors?

A

7 transmembrane domain, G-protein coupled receptors

31
Q

Where are alpha 1 adrenergic receptors found?

A

Vascular smooth muscles, glands, and other smooth muscle

32
Q

What does activation of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors cause?

A

Vasoconstrition

33
Q

Where are alpha 2 adrenergic receptors found?

A

Cardiovascular control center of the brain

34
Q

What does activation of alpha 2 adrenergic receptors cause?

A

Activation turns OFF the sympathetic nervous system

35
Q

Where are Beta 1 adrenergic receptors found?

A

Heart

36
Q

Where are Beta 2 adrenergic receptors found?

A

Smooth muscle

37
Q

What does activation of beta 2 adrenergic receptors cause?

A

Relaxation of smooth muscle (e.g. bronchioles in lungs)

38
Q

What G-protein are alpha 2 adrenergic receptors coupled with?

A

Gi

39
Q

What does the Gi protein do?

A

Inhibits adenylyl cyclase

40
Q

What G-protein are Beta 2 adrenergic receptors coupled with?

A

Gs

41
Q

What does the Gs protein do?

A

Stimulates adenylyl cyclase

42
Q

The circular muscles of the eye contain what receptors?

A

M3

43
Q

Contraction of the circular muscle of the eye leads to what?

A

Miosis

44
Q

What is miosis?

A

Pupillary constriction

45
Q

The radial muscles of the eye contain what receptors?

A

alpha 1

46
Q

Contraction of the radial muscle of the eye leads to what?

A

Mydriasis

47
Q

What is mydriasis?

A

Pupil dilation

PHRM 825 (36 decks)

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