PHRM 825: Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are (long/short)?
Long
Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse in relation to organs?
Near or on the organs
What to parasympathetic preganglionic neurons release and what receptors do they activate on the postganglionic neurons?
ACH; nicotinic receptors
Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are (long/short)?
Short
Where do parasympathetic postganglionic neurons synpase in relation to organs?
Synapse on the target organ
What do parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release and what receptors do they activate on the target organ?
ACH; muscarinic receptors
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are (long/short)?
Short
Where do sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse?
On postganglionic neurons near the spinal cord
What do sympathetic preganglionic neurons release and what receptors do they activate on the postganglionic neurons?
ACH; nicotinic receptors
Sympathetic postganglionic neurons are (long/short)?
Long
Where do sympathetic postganglionic neurons synapse?
On the target organ
What do sympathetic postganglionic neurons release and what receptors do they activate on the target organs?
NE; Adrenergic receptors
In sweat glands, sympathetic postganglionic neurons involved with stress-related excretion release ___
NE
In sweat glands, sympathetic postganglionic neurons involved with thermoregulation release ___
ACH
Sympathetic postganglionic neurons to the smooth muscle of the renal vascular bed release ____
Dopamine
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons do not synapse in the paravertebral sympathetic ganglion and synapse directly on what organ?
Adrenal gland
What do sympathetic preganglionic neurons release onto the adrenal gland and what receptors do they activate?
ACH; nicotinic receptors
What do adrenal glands release into the systemic circulation?
Epinephrine
Most postganglionic sympathetic neurons release what neurotransmitter?
Norepinephrine
Drugs that mimic neurotransmitters are referred to at ____ and ___ receptors
Receptor agonists; activate
Drugs that block neurotransmitters are referred to as ___ and ____ from activating receptors
Receptor antagonists; block the endogenous neurotransmitters
What are 3 other terms for drugs that mimic acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Cholinergic = muscarinic agonists = parasympathomimetic
What are 3 other terms for drugs that block acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Anticholinergic = muscarinic antagonists = parasympatholytic
What are 3 other terms for drugs that mimic norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system?
Adrenergic = adrenergic agonist = sympathomimetic
What are 3 other terms for drugs that block norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system?
Antiadrenergic = adrenergic antagonist = sympatholytic
Where is the M3 muscarinic receptor found?
Smooth muscle and glands
Where is the M2 muscarinic receptor found?
In the heart
What G protein is associated with M1, M3 and M5?
Gq
What G protein is associated with M2 and M4
Gi
What are muscarinic receptors?
7 transmembrane domain, G-protein coupled receptors
Where are alpha 1 adrenergic receptors found?
Vascular smooth muscles, glands, and other smooth muscle
What does activation of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors cause?
Vasoconstrition
Where are alpha 2 adrenergic receptors found?
Cardiovascular control center of the brain
What does activation of alpha 2 adrenergic receptors cause?
Activation turns OFF the sympathetic nervous system
Where are Beta 1 adrenergic receptors found?
Heart
Where are Beta 2 adrenergic receptors found?
Smooth muscle
What does activation of beta 2 adrenergic receptors cause?
Relaxation of smooth muscle (e.g. bronchioles in lungs)
What G-protein are alpha 2 adrenergic receptors coupled with?
Gi
What does the Gi protein do?
Inhibits adenylyl cyclase
What G-protein are Beta 2 adrenergic receptors coupled with?
Gs
What does the Gs protein do?
Stimulates adenylyl cyclase
The circular muscles of the eye contain what receptors?
M3
Contraction of the circular muscle of the eye leads to what?
Miosis
What is miosis?
Pupillary constriction
The radial muscles of the eye contain what receptors?
alpha 1
Contraction of the radial muscle of the eye leads to what?
Mydriasis
What is mydriasis?
Pupil dilation
