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PHRM 825 > PHRM 825: Inflammation > Flashcards

PHRM 825: Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

When does inflammation occur?

A

When there is infection of noxious stimuli

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2
Q

What does inflammation do?

A
  • Eliminates harmful agents and necrotic cells

- Initiates healing process

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3
Q

Signs of inflammation

A
  • Heat
  • Redness
  • Swelling
  • Pain
  • Loss of function (like in arthritis)
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4
Q

What cells accumulate in acute inflammation?

A

Neutrophils

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5
Q

What cells accumulate in chronic inflammation?

A

Lymphocytes and macrophages

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6
Q

What cytokines cause acute inflammation?

A

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
IL-1
Chemokines

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7
Q

What cytokines cause chronic inflammation?

A

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by T cells

IL-12 by macrophages

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8
Q

What are eicosanoids?

A

Short-lived mediators (seconds-minutes) that act in autocrine and paracrine signaling and bind to G-protein coupled receptors

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9
Q

What does generation of cAMP by eicosanoids cause?

A

Dilation

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10
Q

What does release of calcium by eicosanoids cause?

A

Constriction

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11
Q

What doe PGE2 cause in the blood vessels?

A

Dilation

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12
Q

What does PGF2alpha cause in the blood vessels?

A

Constriction

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13
Q

What does PGI2 cause in the blood vessels?

A

Dilation

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14
Q

What does PGI2 do in regards to platelets?

A

Inhibits aggregation

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15
Q

What does TXA2 cause in the blood vessels?

A

Constriction

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16
Q

What does TXA2 do in regards to platelets?

A

Causes aggregation

17
Q

How many carbons do eicosanoids have?

A

20

18
Q

What is the most abundant and important precursor to eicosanoids?

A

Arachidonic acid

19
Q

What are the 4 pathways of oxygenation of arachidonic acid?

A
  • PGH synthase (COX) pathway
  • Lipoxygenase pathway
  • Epoxygenase (CYP450) pathway
  • Isoprostane pathway (free radical reaction)
20
Q

What enzyme has housekeeping functions such as GI cytoprotection?

A

COX-1

21
Q

What do NSAIDs block?

A

Synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxane

They do NOT block the synthesis of leukotrienes

22
Q

What do PGH2alpha, PGE2, PGI2, and TXA all arise from?

A

PGH2

23
Q

What are 4 ways to block eicosanoid activity?

A
  • Corticosteroids
  • NSAIDs
  • Selective inhibition of thromboxane
  • Inhibition of leukotriene
24
Q

What do lipocortins inhibit?

A

Phospholipase A2

25
Q

What is pannus?

A

Proliferating synovial cells mixed with immune cells and connective tissue

26
Q

What is ankylosis and when does it occur?

A

Joint fusion - Rheumatoid arthritis

27
Q

What does DMARD stand for?

A

Disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug

28
Q

How is RA commonly treated?

A

Aggressive treatment with DMARDs right after diagnosis

PHRM 825 (36 decks)

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