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Biology A level > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two stages of photosynthesis

A

Light dependent stage and Light independent stage

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2
Q

What is the process of cyclic photophosphorylation in LDS

A
  1. Photon of light hits PS1 and 2e- become excited
  2. 2e- are passed along electron carrier chain
  3. Small amounts of ATP are made by phosphorylation by chemiosmosis
  4. Electrons passed back to PS1
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3
Q

What is the process of non-cyclic photophosphorylation in LDS

A
  1. Photolysis of water make 2H+ + 1/2 O2
  2. Photon of light hits excited and leave Chlorophyll A
  3. The 2e- pass along a chain of electron carriers and ATP is made by photophosphorylation
  4. Light has also struck PSI and 2e- are lost
  5. These 2e- join with 2H+ and NADP to become reduced NADP in the presence of NADP reductase
  6. 2e- from PSII replace those lost from PSI
  7. 2e- from water go to PSII
  8. ATP made from chemiosmosis - helped by H+
    9/ 1/2 O2 released
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4
Q

What photosystems is involved in which part of LDS

A

In cyclic - PSI
Non cyclic - PSI and PSII

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5
Q

Where is photolysis involved in LDS

A

Non-cyclic

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6
Q

What happens to the electrons in Cyclic photophosphorylation

A

Returns to PSI after going through the electron carrier system

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7
Q

What happens to the electrons in non-cyclic photophosphorylation

A

Join H+ to make NADPH2

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8
Q

Products of Cyclic photophosphorylation

A

ATP

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8
Q

Products of non-cyclic photophosphorylation

A

1/2 O2
Reduced NADP

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9
Q

Where does the Light Independent stage take place

A

Stroma

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10
Q

How is CO2 absorbed for LIS

A

Absorbed by spongy mesophyll then passed along to palisade

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11
Q

Stages of the Calvin Cycle/LIS

A

CO2 diffuses into stroma
Co3 combines with RuBP(5C) - catalysed by Rubisco to form an unstable 6C
Unstable 6C breaks down into 2xGP
2GP is reduced to 2TP (3C)using ATP and reduced NADP
5 of the 6Cs in 2TP are recycled to form RuBP using ATP

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12
Q

How many times is the Calvin cycle repeat to form 1 hexose sugar

A

6

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13
Q

What molecules can be made from 2TP

A

Hexose sugars: Glucose, fructose
Sucrose
Starch
Cellulose
Glycerol

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14
Q

What molecules can be made from 2 GP

A

Amino acids
Fatty acids
Lipids

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15
Q

What are the limiting factors of Photosynthesis

A

CO2 conc
Light intensity
Temperature

16
Q

What is an accessory pigment

A

A light harvesting cluster of photosynthetic pigment

17
Q

What is the Endosymbiotic theory

A

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once aerobic bacteria that were ingested by early eukaryote cells

18
Q

What are the parts of the chloroplast

A

Lamellae
Thylakoids
Intermembrane space
Granum
Intergranal lamellae
Stroma
DNA Loop
Ribosome

19
Q

What are primary pigments

A

the reaction centres where electrons are excited

20
Q

What is the absorption peak of photosystem I

A

P700nm

21
Q

what is the absorption peak of photosystem II

A

P680nm

22
Q

How is thin layer chromatography used in identifying photosynthetic pigments

A

Dots of pigments are added to the bottom of the TLC plate above solvent
Mobile phase (solvent) moves through stationary phase (silica) and carries components of the mixture
Different components travel at different rates
Find retention factor of components and compare it against a database to identify factors

23
Q

what is the effect of increasing light intensity

A

Excites more electrons
Splits more water
opens stomata
More reduced NADP and ATP

24
Q

How does decreasing light intensity affect the Calvin cycle

A

Cycle is broken after 2GP is made as there is less ATP and reduced NADP made in the LDS

25
Q

What is the effect of decreasing CO2 conc on the Calvin cycle

A

Cycle halts after RuBP is made as there is no CO2 to react with it to form GP

26
Q

What is the compensation point

A

when rate of photosynthesis = rate of respiration

27
Q

How are grana adapted for photosynthesis

A

Large surface area for light absorption
Contain electron carriers/ATP synthase
Contain photosynthetic pigment to absorb light

28
Q

Where is the metabolic pathway involving CO2 located

A

The stroma

29
Q

where are photosynthetic pigments located

A

within thylakoid membranes

Biology A level (19 decks)

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