Biodiversity Flashcards
What are the different levels biodiversity can be measured at
Habitat
Species
Genetic
What is habitat biodiversity
The number of different habitats found within an area
What is species biodiversity
Species Richness - number of species
Species Evenness - Comparison of spread
What is genetic biodiversity
The variety of genes within a species
What is Random sampling
Small part of the habitat is chosen and studied
No bias
What are some methods of sampling animals
Pitfall trap, tullgren funnel, pooter, kite net, light trap, humane small mammal trap, plankton net, dredge net, kick sampling
How to set up a pitfall trap
Dig a hole in the ground, place a cup in the hole so it is level with the surface
Place a raised cover
leave for 24 hours and then record the species within
What is systemic sampling
Place a tape measure across the habitat and take samples at equal intervals
What is opportunistic sampling
Weakest as it is often biased
Uses organisms that are conveniently available
What is stratified sampling
Different areas are identified and sampled separately in proportion to their size
What is Simpsons diversity index
measures species richness and evenness
the closer the value is to one the more biodiverse
Monomorphic definition
Only one version of a gene
Polymorphic definition
two or more versions of a gene
What is the equation for genetic diversity
Proportion of polymorphic loci = num of polymorphic gene loci / total num of gene loci
What is gel electrophoresis
A technique to measure genetic diversity
Can separate the DNA after it has been chopped up using an enzyme
\genes can be identified on the strands and its possible to compare genes from different DNA by comparing position
