Animal Responses Flashcards
What are the two parts of the nervous system
The central nervous system
The peripheral nervous system
What is the PNS
Includes all the neurones that lie outside the CNS
Two parts: Autonomic NS and Somatic NS
Features of the Autonomic NS
Part of the PNS
2 parts: Parasympathetic, Sympathetic NS
Self-governing, responsible for homeostatic mechanism
Non-myelinated
Ganglion at synapses
Features of the parasympathetic neurones
“Rest and Digest”
Ganglion near organ
V. Short postganglionic axon and V. Long preganglionic axon
ACh secreted by postganglionic neurone
What actions do the parasympathetic neurones cause
Dec heart rate
Constrict pupil
Dec ventilation
What are the features of the Sympathetic neurone system
Fight or flight
Ganglion just outside CNS
Pre ganglionic axon = V short
Post ganglionic axon = V long
Secretes noradrenaline
Effects of the sympathetic NS
Ic heart rate
Dilated pupils
Inc ventilation
Features of the Somatic Neurone system
Myelinated
Connections to effectors
One neurone
Transmit impulses to voluntary muscles
What is the knee jerk reflex
Spinal reflex
Only two neurones involved (sensory + motor)
No relay = cant be inhibited
Quicker
How does the knee jerk reaction occur
Pressure on tendon hamstring causes a stretch and pull on quadriceps
Receptors are sensitive to muscle being stretched suddenly
Impulse is sent along sensory neurone to spinal cord then to the motor neurone
What is the benefit of having a knee jerk reaction
helps with coordinated movement + balance
What are the main parts of the brain
Pituitary gland
Cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Cerebellum
Medulla Oblongata
What is the function of the cerebrum
all higher order processes
thinking
planning
language
memory
emotions
What is the function of the hypothalamus
Control of ANS and some endocrene glands
Maintains homeostasis
What is the function of the cerebellum
Muscle coordination and movement
