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Biology A level > Cell Surface Membrane > Flashcards

Cell Surface Membrane Flashcards

Module 1

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1
Q

Roles of a cell surface membrane

A

Partially permeable barrier
Site of chemical reaction
Site of cell communication

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2
Q

What are cell surface membranes made of

A

Phospholipid bilayer, glycoprotein, glycolipids, proteins, cholesterol

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3
Q

What is a phospholipids structure

A

Polarised Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

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4
Q

What is amphipatic

A

When some parts are charged and some arent

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5
Q

What happens to phospholipids in water

A

They form Liposomes and micelles

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6
Q

What is a phospholipid bilayer

A

When the polar heads of phospholipids are attracted to water and the hydrophobic tails are repelled

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7
Q

What are the parts of the fluid mosaic model

A

Glycoproteins, channel proteins, phospholipid bilayer, extrinsic protein

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8
Q

What are integral protiens

A

Span the whole width of the membrane
Many are carrier molecules or channels
Help transport ions, sugars and amino acids
Some are receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters, or enzymes

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9
Q

What are glycoproteins

A

proteins with attached carbohydrate chains

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10
Q

What are peripheral proteins

A

Proteins confined to the inner or outer surface of the membranes
May act as receptors, involved in cell signalling or chemical reactions

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11
Q

Glycoproteins and glycolipid function

A

Acts as receptor sites - involved in cell signalling
Assist in binding cells together

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12
Q

What is cholesterol

A

Controls membrane fluidity and permeability
More cholesterol = less fluid and less permeable
Important in keeping membranes stable at normal body temp

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13
Q

What are factors affecting membrane permeability

A

Solvents, temperature, detergents

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14
Q

How do solvents effect membrane permeability

A

Solvents dissolve lipids in membrane
Some solvents increase permeability more than others

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15
Q

How does temperature affect membrane permeability

A

low temp - little KE so phospholipids very close together, ice crystals may form and pierce the membrane
Mid temp - temp increases, KE increases, phospholipids move apart
High temp - bilayer starts to melt, H2O expands and puts pressure on membrane, proteins denature

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16
Q

What is the detergents effect on membrane permeability

A

Increases permeability by removing lipids from the membrane or forming stable pores in the membrane

17
Q

What is cell signalling

A

how cells communicate with other cells
need messenger/signal molecules and receptors on cell surface membrane

18
Q

What do drugs do to cell communication

A

Block receptors so receptor cells cant work

19
Q

What does poisons do cells

A

Toxins produced bind with receptor cells in human muscle cells, stopping muscles from working properly and causing paralysis

20
Q

What is Diffusion

A

The passive processes that includes the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration down a concentration gradient

21
Q

What is Net movement

A

Overall movement of molecules

22
Q

What factors effect the rate of diffusion

A

Temp, conc grad, s.a, nature of diffusing molecule

23
Q

What particles can undergo simple diffusion

A

Lipid based molecules (fat soluble, steroid hormones)
Very small molecules (CO2 and O2)

24
Q

What particles need facilitated diffusion

A

Large molecules, charged particles

25
Q

What is Facilitated diffusion

A

A passive process that occurs down a concentration that involves a channel protein or carrier protein

26
Q

What are the types of Active processes

A

Active transport
Bulk transport (exocytosis, endocytosis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis)

27
Q

What is active transport

A

When energy is used in the form of ATP to move molecules or ions against a concentration gradient

28
Q

How does active transport occur

A

Uses a carrier protein
Ion binds to binding site on protein
ATP binds to ATP binding site
Protein changes shape

29
Q

What is bulk transport

A

The use of membranes to transport large amounts of material using ATP

30
Q

What is an example of endocytosis

A

in WBC

31
Q

What is an example of exocytosis

A

Release of hormones like insulin

32
Q

What is osmosis

A

The net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential down a water potential gradient across a partially permeable membrane

33
Q

What is water potential

A

The measure of the ability of water molecules to move freely in solution

34
Q

What happens when you put cells in a hypotonic solution

A

animal - bursts/lysis
plant - turgid

35
Q

What happens when you put cells in a hypertonic solution

A

animal - crenation
plant - flaccid

Biology A level (15 decks)

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