Phosphodiesterase III

Question 1

Which enzyme metabolizes cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)?

Answer 1

Study on!!!

Question 2

What molecule is considered the energy of life?

Answer 2

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate)

Question 3

Through its high energy —– bonds, ATP stores energy that we obtain from food

Answer 3

phosphate bonds,

Question 4

Through its high energy phosphate bonds, ATP stores energy that we obtain from food and acts as the molecular unit of currency of —– transfer.

Answer 4

energy transfer

Question 5

In the presence of oxygen, —– moles of ATP can be produced from 1 mole of glucose.

Answer 5

38 moles of ATP

Question 6

Beta —– receptors are present in the heart

Answer 6

Beta-1 receptors

Question 7

Beta-1 receptors are present in the heart, while —– receptors are present in skeletal muscle and other vascular beds, such as the myocardium

Answer 7

beta-2 receptors

Question 8

Beta receptor stimulation activates a —– G-protein

Answer 8

Stimulatory G-protein

(Gs)

Question 9

Beta receptor stimulation activates a stimulatory G-protein (Gs) and instructs —– to convert ATP into —–.

Answer 9

Adenylate cyclase

cAMP

^{(cyclic adenosine monophosphate)}

Question 10

cAMP is responsible for “turning on” a variety of —– that instruct the cell to perform a specific function.

Answer 10

protein kinases

Question 11

—– metabolizes cAMP to AMP (adenosine monophosphate).

Answer 11

Phosphodiesterase Ill

Question 12

Phosphodiesterase Ill metabolizes cAMP to AMP (adenosine monophosphate). This “—–” these protein kinases, and the cell is no longer instructed to perform that specific function

Answer 12

“turns off”

Question 13

By inhibiting the “turn off” mechanism, inhibition of phosphodiesterase Ill indirectly increases —–.

Answer 13

intracellular cAMP

Question 14

By inhibiting the “turn off” mechanism, inhibition of phosphodiesterase Ill indirectly increases intracellular cAMP and maintains the protein kinases in the “—–” state

Answer 14

“turned on”

Question 15

In the cardiac muscle cell, cAMP augments myocardial performance by increasing intracellular —– and the force of —–.

Answer 15

intracellular calcium and the

force of contraction

Question 16

In the cardiac muscle cell, cAMP increases the rate of myocardial relaxation by accelerating the return of —– to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

Calcium

Question 17

The process of increasing the rate of myocardial relaxation by accelerating the return of calcium to the sarcoplasmic reticulum is called —–.

Answer 17

Lusitropy

Question 18

In the vascular smooth muscle cell, cAMP inhibits —– kinase

Answer 18

myosin light chain kinase

Question 19

In the vascular smooth muscle cell, cAMP inhibits myosin light chain kinase. This causes

Answer 19

Vasodilation

Decreased SVR

Question 20

Which drug is an example of a PDE Ill inhibitors?

Answer 20

Milrinone

Question 21

PDE Ill inhibitors, such as milrinone, are also called —–.

Answer 21

Inodilators

Question 22

PDE Ill inhibitors, such as milrinone, are also called inodilators. They augment myocardial performance independently of the

—– nervous system

Answer 22

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 23

PDE Ill inhibitors, such as milrinone, are also called inodilators. They augment myocardial performance independently of the sympathetic nervous system. This feature makes PDE Ill inhibitors useful in which drug-induced myocardial depression

Answer 23

Beta-blocker induced myocardial depression

Question 24

PDE Ill inhibitors, such as milrinone, are also called inodilators. They augment myocardial performance independently of the sympathetic nervous system. This feature makes PDE Ill inhibitors useful in —– heart failure

Answer 24

Acute heart failure

Question 25

PDE Ill inhibitors, such as milrinone, are also called inodilators. They augment myocardial performance independently of the sympathetic nervous system. This feature makes PDE Ill inhibitors useful in unresponsiveness to IV —–.

Answer 25

Catecholamines

Question 26

PDE Ill inhibitors, such as milrinone, are also called inodilators. They augment myocardial performance independently of the sympathetic nervous system. This feature makes PDE Ill inhibitors useful anytime the combination of increased —– and reduced —– would be desirable

Answer 26

increased inotropy and

reduced afterload

Question 27

In case you were wondering, there are —– different varieties of phosphodiesterase

Answer 27

Five

Phosphodiesterase (I-V).

Question 28

PDE Ill is specific to which intracellular second messenger?

Answer 28

cAMP

Question 29

While PDE Ill is specific for cAMP, the other forms of PDE are

—– specific to cAMP

Answer 29

Not specific to cAMP

Question 30

—– is the prototype nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor

Answer 30

Theophylline

Question 31

Which enzyme metabolizes cyclic adenosine monophosphate?

Answer 31

Phosphodiesterase III

Question 32

—– is an effector that converts ATP to cAMP (the second messenger).

Answer 32

Adenylate Cyclase

Question 33

cAMP activates —–, which initiates a variety of phosphorylation reactions inside the cell

Answer 33

protein kinase A

Question 34

Phosphodiesterase Ill essentially “—–” cAMP by metabolizing it to AMP

Answer 34

“turns off”

Question 35

References:

Answer 35

• Barash. Clinical Anesthesia. 8th ed**.* 2017. p. 321-322.
• Hemmings* . Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia: Foundations and Clinical Application . 1st ed.* *2013. p.* *391. Flood. Stoel**ting’s Pharmacology & Physiology in Anesthetic Practice. 5th ed. 2015. p. 468-469, 684.