Cellular Communication Flashcards
Match each chemical signal with the type of receptor to which it binds.
Study on!!!
Cellular communication can be a challenging topic. We want to make sure you understand it once and for all, so we’re going to approach this topic in a series of questions and build upon each question in step-wise succession. If you aren’t using the workbooks yet, this is a great place to start.
Got it!
To be able to communicate with its environment, a cell must be capable of receiving and processing —– signals.
extracellular signals
An extracellular signal can take which 3 forms?
Chemical, Electrical, or Mechanical
Extracellular chemical signals include:
neurotransmitter, hormone, or drug
The —– or —– is an example of an extracellular Electrical signal.
Action potential, or Voltage change
—– is an example of an extracellular mechanical signal
pressure
A —– receives the signal and instructs the cell to perform a —– function
receptor
specific function
—– is the process by which a cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular response
Signal Transduction
Most receptors are embedded in the cell —–.
membrane
Most receptors are embedded in the cell membrane, but there are a few —– receptors as well.
intracellular receptors
What are the 3 categories of membrane-bound receptors?
Ion channels
G-protein coupled receptors
Enzyme-linked receptors
An ion channel is literally an ion-conducting —–.
Pore
An ion-conducting pore is either —– or —–.
open or closed
A closed channel prevents ions from flowing along a —–.
concentration gradient
An open channel allows ions to flow along a —–
concentration gradient
The —– channel in the neuron is an example of an ion channel.
voltage-gated sodium
The G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) works in two ways. On one hand, it —– or —– an ion-channel
opens or closes
The —– receptor in the SA node is an example of a G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) that Opens or closes an ion-channel
Muscarinic-2 receptor
The G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) works in two ways. On one hand, it opens or closes an ion-channel. On the other hand, It —– or —– an enzyme inside the cell
activates or inhibits
The —– receptor in vascular smooth muscle is an example of a G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) that activates or inhibits an enzyme inside the cell
Alpha-1 receptor
The —– receptor describes the situation where the receptor is also an enzyme that is activated when a signal binds to it.
Enzyme-Linked Receptor
At rest, the catalytic domain of an Enzyme-Linked Receptor is —–
inactive
When the signal binds, the catalytic domain of an Enzyme-Linked Receptor becomes —–.
activated!!!
The —– receptor in skeletal muscle is an example of an Enzyme-linked receptor
Insulin receptor
The Insulin receptor in skeletal muscle is linked to which enzyme?
Tyrosine kinase
In —– receptors, a signal diffuses through the cell membrane and binds to a receptor located inside the cell
intracellular receptors
—– binding to receptors in the cytoplasm is an example of an intracellular receptor.
Steroids
—– binding to receptors in the cell nucleus is an example of intracellular receptor
Thyroid hormone
Match each chemical signal with the type of receptor to which it binds.
Acetylcholine at neuromuscular junction >>> Ion channel
Norepinephrine at vascular smooth muscle >>> G-protein coupled receptor
Insulin at skeletal muscle >>> Tyrosine kinase linked receptor
Reference:
Hall. Guyton and Hall Textbook of fv1edical Physiology 13th ed. 20 16.* *p. 930 -933**.
