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Human basic neuroscience > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: All indirect motor tracts are influenced by the cerebellum

A

True

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2
Q

Anatomy of Cerebellum

A

Look at it again

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3
Q

The cerebellum has 3 distinct layers of grey matter, and deep to all 3 is the white matter. Each layer has specific characteristics. Which of the following contains basket cells and stellate cells?

A. Molecular Layer

B. Purkinje Layer

C. Granular Layer

D. White Matter

A

Molecular Layer

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4
Q

The cerebellum has 3 distinct layers of grey matter, and deep to all 3 is the white matter. Each layer has specific characteristics. Which of the following contains granular and golgi cells?

A. Molecular Layer

B. Purkinje Layer

C. Granular Layer

D. White Matter

A

Granular Layer

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5
Q

Which of the following is the only excitatory neuron found in the grey matter of the cerebellum? What excitatory amino acid does it relase?

A. Purkinje Cells

B. Granule Cells

C. Stellate Cells

D. Golgi Cells

E. Basket cells

A

Granule Cells

Glutamate

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6
Q

Which of the following neurons is a major output (effernt) and functions to inhibit deep cerebellar nuclei (dentate, emboliform, globus, fastigial) and vestibular nuclei?

A. Purkinje Cells

B. Granule Cells

C. Stellate Cells

D. Golgi Cells

E. Basket cells

A

Purkinje Cells

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7
Q

Which of the following neurons has axons that only synapse with purkinje cells and functions to inhibit them, in order for purkinje cells to stop inhibiting things?

A. Purkinje Cells

B. Granule Cells

C. Stellate Cells

D. Golgi Cells

E. Basket cells

A

Stellate Cells

Basket cells

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8
Q

Purkinje cells, golgi cells, and basket cells all release what inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

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9
Q

Where do climbing fibers come from?

What influence do climbing fibers have on Purkinje cells?

What information do climbing fibers convey to the cerebellum?

A

Inferior Olive (in the medulla)

Excite purkinje cells (allowing the purkine cells to inhibit)

Movement errors

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10
Q

Mossy fibers come from everywhere EXCEPT what location?

What cells do mossy fibers synapse with?

What information is conveyed by mossy fibers and sent to the cerebellum?

A

Inferior olives

Granule cells

Somatosensory, arousal, equilibrium, and cerebral cortex motor information

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11
Q

What is the function of the Vestibulocerebellum? (flocculondular lobes)

A. Control ongoing movement

B. Influence eye movement and postural muscles of the head and body

C. Coordinate voluntary movements by helping with the planning and timing of the movements

D. All of the above

A

Influence eye movements and postural muscles of head and body

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12
Q

What is the function of the Pontocerebellum?

(cerebrocerebellum)

A. Control ongoing movement

B. Influence eye movement and postural muscles of the head and body

C. Coordinate voluntary movements by helping with the planning and timing of the movements

D. All of the above

A

Coordinate voluntary movements by helping with the planning and timing of the movements

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13
Q

What is the function of the Spinocerebellum?

(vermis and paravermal region)

A. Control ongoing movement

B. Influence eye movement and postural muscles of the head and body

C. Coordinate voluntary movements by helping with the planning and timing of the movements

D. All of the above

A

Control ongoing movement

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14
Q

The Pontocerebellum or cerebrocerebullum recieves input from the cerebral cortex (premotor, sensorimotor, etc) via what nuclei?

A

Pontine nuclei

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15
Q

The afferent fiber pathways determine unconscious proprioception about the limb movement. Which of the following determine proprioception, pressure, and touch relating to the lower limbs?

A. Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract

B. Cuneocerebellar Tract

A

Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract

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16
Q

The afferent fiber pathways determine unconscious proprioception about the limb movement. Which of the following determine proprioception, pressure, and touch relating to the upper limbs?

A. Posterior Spinocerebellar Tract

B. Cuneocerebellar Tract

A

Cuneocerebellar Tract

17
Q

There are primary and secondary afferent fibers of the posterior spinocerebellar tracts that carry touch, proprioception, and pressure information relating to the lower limbs.

First order neurons (primary afferents) enter the spinal cord via the dorsal root ganglion and ascend into what structure?

Where does the first order neuron synapse with the second order neuron?

Where does the second order neuron enter the cerebellum?

A

Gracile Fasiculus

Clark’s Nucleus

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncles (restiform body specifically)

18
Q

There are primary and secondary afferents of the cuneocerebellar tracts which relay touch, proprioception, and pressure for the upper limb.

First order neurons (primary afferents) enter the spinal cord via the dorsal root ganglion and ascend into what structure?

Where does the first order neuron synapse with the second order neuron?

Where does the second order neuron enter the cerebellum?

A

Cuneatus Fasciculus

Accessory Cuneate Nucleus

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle (restiform body specifically)

19
Q

_______ + _______ = the inferior cerebellar peduncle?

A

Juxtaform body + restiform body = Inferior CErebellar Peduncle

20
Q

Which of the folloiwng cerebellar peduncles is the major EFFERENT route from the globose, embiliform, and dentate nuclei?

A. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

B. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

C. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

A

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

21
Q

Which of the folloiwng cerebellar peduncles has afferent fibers from ventral spinocerebellar tract that run through there?

A. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

B. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

C. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

A

Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

22
Q

Which of the folloiwng cerebellar peduncles has only afferent fibers that come from the pontine nuclei and relat it back to the cerebral cortex?

A. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

B. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

C. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

A

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

23
Q

Which of the folloiwng cerebellar peduncles is a primarily afferent pathway coming from the spinal cord?

A. Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

B. Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

C. Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

A

Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

24
Q

Which of the following functional regions of the cerebellum is responsible for eye movements as well as neck and trunk movements?

A. Vestibulocerebellum

B. Spinocerebellum

C. Cerebrocerebellum

A

Vestibulocerebellum

25
Q

Which of the following functional regions of the cerebellum is responsible for axial and lower extremity movements, even specifically relating to gait and station?

A. Vestibulocerebellum

B. Spinocerebellum

C. Cerebrocerebellum

A

Spinocerebellum

26
Q

Which of the following functional regions of the cerebellum is responsible for precise, coordinated movements of extremities, mainly the upper extremity?

A. Vestibulocerebellum

B. Spinocerebellum

C. Cerebrocerebellum

A

Cerebrocerebellum

27
Q

What are the 4 deep nuclei found in the cerebellum? (going from lateral to medial)

A

Dentate Nucleus

Emboliform Nucleus

Globus Nucleus

Fastigial Nucleus

28
Q

Which of the following tracts has purkinje fibers that bypass the deep cerebellar nuclei?

A. Vestibuocerebellum

B. Spinocerebellum

C. Cerebrocerebellum

A

Vestibulocerebellum

29
Q

What are the two deep nuclei that are called the Interposed nuclei?

A

Emboliform

Globos

30
Q

A unilateral lesion of the cerebellum will have affects on the _________ side of the lesion

A

Ipsilateral

31
Q

What are ataxic syndromes called that are caused by vestibulocerebellar and spinocerebellar diseases?

A

Midline Ataxia

(truncal instability (tiubation) and equilibratory ataxia)

32
Q

What are the symptoms that result from lesions of teh cerebrocerebellum?

A

Dysarthria

Dysdiadochokinesia

Dysmetria

Action tremor

Ataxic gait with the tendency to fall toward the side of the lesion

33
Q

Which of the following can be described as an inability to rapidly alternate movements as seen in lesions of the cerebrocerebellum?

A. Dysarthria

B. Dysdiadochokinesia

C. Dysmetria

D. Action tremor

A

Dysdiadochokinesia

34
Q

Which of the following can be described as slurred, poorly articulated speech as seen in lesions of the cerebrocerebellum?

A. Dysarthria

B. Dysdiadochokinesia

C. Dysmetria

D. Action tremor

A

Dysarthria

35
Q

Which of the following can be described as inability to accurately move an intended distance as seen in lesions of the cerebrocerebellum?

A. Dysarthria

B. Dysdiadochokinesia

C. Dysmetria

D. Action tremor

A

Dysmetria

36
Q

How can you tell the difference between cerebellar ataxia and sensory ataxia?

In which ataxia would the patient be unable to stand with their feet together regardless of their eyes being open or not?

A

Sensory ataxia is caused by damage to the dorsal columns, and results in abnormal voluntary sense, proprioception and ankle reflexes.

Contrastingly Cerebellar ataxia has normal voluntary sense, proprioception, and ankel reflexes.

Cerebellar Ataxia, the patient can’t stand with their feet together regardless of their eyes being open, and in sensory ataxia they can only do it with their eyes open

37
Q

All of the following relate to vestibulocerebellum and spinocerebellum lesions, EXCEPT which of the following that relates to cerebrocerebellum?

A. Station

B. Walking

C. Speech

D. Tandem gait

A

Speech

Cerebrocerebellum

Rapid alternating movements

Finger-to-nose

Toe-to-finger

Heel-to-shin

REbound and check reflex

Speech

Human basic neuroscience (68 decks)

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