Histology of the CNS Flashcards
Which of the following is a dense network of nerve fibers and their branches synapses, all together with glial filaments?
A. Axon Hillock
B. Dendritic Spines
C. Nissl Substance Bodies
D. Neuropil
Neuropil
What structure is indicated by the NH?
How can this be recognized?
Nissl Substance
- stains very intensly due to the high ribosomal activity and high protein synthesis
What is the name of the structure indicated by the stars in both pictures?
Neuropil
Answer the following questions about Anterograde transport:
What direction does it carry material in?
What carrier microtubule-associated motor protiein is utilized?
Cell body to axon
Kinesin
Answer the following questions about Retrograde transport:
What direction does it carry material in?
What carrier microtubule-associated motor protiein is utilized?
Axon terminal to cell body or dendrites
Dynein
All of the following is true of fast transport, EXCEPT:
A. Utilizes anterograde movement of substances
B. Retrograde may include endocytosed toxins, and viruses
C. Moves cytoskeleton elements
D. Speed of 20-400 mm/day
Moves cytoskeleton elements
Does fast or slow transport only utilize anterograde movement, and is not bidriectional used more to move organelles?
Slow transport only utilizes anterograde transport
Fast is bidirectional and used to move more organelles
What type of axonal transport is actually how shingles virus is moved to different ganglia?
A. Anterograde
B. Retrograde
C. Fast Transport
D. Slow Transport
Fast Transport
Identify the structures labeled A, B, C, F
A. Mitochondria
B. Synaptic Vesicles
C. Chemical synapse
F. Chemical Synapse
What is the name of the structure indicated by both T1 and T2?
Presynaptic Terminals
Dendrites aren’t the only contact for axons, instead axons can synapse with various parts of neurons or target cells. This aspect allows for the modulation of different signals coming in at the same time. Which of the following is the name of the connection of an axon synapsing on another cell body?
A. Axoaxonic synapse
B. Axosomatic synapse
C. Acodendritic synapse
D. None of the above
Axosomatic synapse
Not all of the body utilizes chemical synapse for signalling, but some utilize electrical synapse like the retina and olfactory bulbs. For electrical synapse, where does the electrical current flow between neurons, and what links the pre and postsynaptic membranes?
Gap Junctions
Connexons
What is another name for glial cell bodies?
Soma
What are the intermediate filaments made out of, which reinforce the proximal regions of astrocytes?
Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP)
What glial cell type is pictured here?
Astrocytes
What is the promiscuous cell indicated by the O in the photograph below?
What is its function?
Oligodendrocytes
Myelinated cells in the CNS
NOTE: oligodendrocytes usally appear as small cells with round, condensed nuclei and unstained surrounding cytoplasm
Ependymal cells cilia and long microvili found on their apical ends, that facilitate movement of the CSF and have some functioning in its absorption. These cells line ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord, and it is there that you find what epithelial cell type?
A. Psudostratified columnar with no basal lamina
B. Low columnar with basal lamina
C. Cuboidal cells and/or low columnar with no basal lamina
D. Cuboidal cells with basal lamina
Cuboidal cells and/or low columnar with no basal lamina
NOTE: ependymal cells are joined apically by apical junctional complexes
The choroid plexus is found in the roofs of all four ventricles in the brain. What is the the choroid plexus made of?
A. Ependymal cells only
B. Ependymal cells and vasculature from the arachnoid mater
C. Vasculature from the arachnoid mater only
D. Ependymal cells and vasculature from the pia mater
Ependymal cells and vasculature from the pia mater
T/F: Arachnoid Villi provide absorption pathways for the CSF back into the venous circulation
True
What structure is indicated in these to photomicrographs?
Chroid Plexus
What is the name of the cells that are essentially the macrophages of the CNS removing any foreign invaders?
Microglia
What is the cell type indicate in the photos?
Microglia
Identify the components of the spinal cord pictured below
R: Rootlet
FC: Fasculus Cuneatus
FG: Fasculus Gracilis
F: Anterior Median Fissure
In what portion of the spinal cord will you find cell bodies of motor neurons that are often stained pink?
A. Lateral Horns
B. Anterior Horns
C. Posterior Horns
D. Rootlets
Anterior Horns
The Cerebellar Cortex is organized into the following three layers. Which of these layers has many neuropil and scalltered neuronal cell bodies?
A. Molecular Layer
B. Purkinje Cell Layer
C. Granular Layer
Molecular Layer
The Cerebellar Cortex is organized into the following three layers. Which of these layers is the very conspicuously stained in H&E and has cells with a prominent cell body and various extensions coming off?
A. Molecular Layer
B. Purkinje Cell Layer
C. Granular Layer
Purkinje Cell Layer
The Cerebral Cortex is made of 6 layers which are included below. Which of those layers is where we start to see white matter just deep to it?
A. Molecular Layer
B. External Granular Layer
C. External Pyramidal Layer
D. Inner Granular Layer
E. Ganglionic Layer
F. Multiform (polymorphic) Layer
Multiform (polymorphic) Layer
The Cerebral Cortex is made of 6 layers which are included below. Which of those layers contains extremelt large pyramidal cells called Betz cells in motor areas?
A. Molecular Layer
B. External Granular Layer
C. External Pyramidal Layer
D. Inner Granular Layer
E. Ganglionic Layer
F. Multiform (polymorphic) Layer
Ganglionic Layer
Look at these pyramidal cells and astrocytes
Good Job
Look at these 6 layers of Cerebral Cortex
Nice
Identify the hallmarks of Alzheimers disease as shown in the slides below. Recognize these are all the same slides just with different stains
Loss of dopamine and the presence of Lewey bodies in remaining neurons are hallmarks of what neurodegenerative disease?
Parkinsons
Idk what to say for this, so here’s the slide
Ok
Degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra is associated with parkinsons, and results in the loss of what neurotransmitter?
A. Serotonin
B. Dopamine
C. GABA
D. Norepinephrine
Dopamine
