Phonetics

Question 1

classification

Answer 1

consonantal sounds (in English) are classified by 3 dimensions: voice, place, and manner

Question 2

classification: voice

Answer 2

activity of vocal cords

Question 3

classification: place

Answer 3

point of contact where sound is produced

Question 4

classification: manner

Answer 4

configuration and interaction between articulators

Question 5

voice categories for sounds

Answer 5

• voiced
• voiceless

Question 6

place categories for sounds

Answer 6

• bilabial
• labiodental
• interdental
• alveolar
• palatal
• velar
• glottal

Question 7

manner categories for sounds

Answer 7

• stop
• fricative
• affricate
• nasal
• liquid
• glide

Question 8

place of articulation: bilabial

Answer 8

both lips

Question 9

place of articulation: labiodental

Answer 9

upper teeth + lower lip

Question 10

place of articulation: interdental

Answer 10

tongue tip near/between teeth

Question 11

place of articulation: alveolar

Answer 11

tongue tip on/near tooth ridge

Question 12

place of articulation: palatal

Answer 12

tongue body to hard palate

Question 13

place of articulation: velar

Answer 13

tongue body on/near soft palate

Question 14

place of articulation: glottal

Answer 14

made in throat, between vocal folds

Question 15

source-filter theory

Answer 15

sound source filtered and shaped by resonant vocal tract
sound source –> filter –> speech sounds

Question 16

source-filter theory: sound source

Answer 16

• glottal source
• supra-glottal source

Question 17

source-filter theory: filter

Answer 17

vocal tract
- oral tract
- nasal tract

Question 18

source-filter theory: speech sounds

Answer 18

distinctive features

Question 19

sonorants

Answer 19

produced with uninterrupted air, open vocal tract

Question 20

consonantal

Answer 20

partial or complete obstruction of airflow

Question 21

continuants

Answer 21

flow of air is not blocked at any point

Question 22

sibilants

Answer 22

high frequency “hissing” sounds, air forced through narrow opening

Question 23

stridents

Answer 23

produced with constriction, airstream hits 2 surfaces (intense noise)

Question 24

obstruents

Answer 24

produced by some type of air obstruction/constriction

Question 25

stops

Answer 25

complete vocal tract closure (pressure build up) - sudden release

Question 26

fricatives

Answer 26

partial blockage of vocal tract, air forced through narrow channel

Question 27

affricates

Answer 27

start as stop (air builds up), releases through narrow channel (fricative)

Question 28

nasals

Answer 28

velum lowers and airflows through nasal cavity (closure of oral cavity)

Question 29

liquids

Answer 29

airstream flows around sides of the tongue (tip to mid alveolar ridge)

Question 30

glides

Answer 30

consonants with no stop or friction

Question 31

physiological continuum of speech sounds

Answer 31

open to closed:
vowels and diphthongs –> liquids and glides –> nasals –> stops, fricatives, and affricates

Question 32

high front vowels

Answer 32

• /i/ (see)
• /ɪ/ (sit)

Question 33

mid front vowels

Answer 33

• /e/ (bait)
• /ɛ/ bet

Question 34

low front vowel

Answer 34

• /æ/ (bat)
• /a/ (aunt)

Question 35

mid central vowels

Answer 35

• /ə/ (sofa)
• /ɝ/ (first)
• /ɚ/ (butter)
• /ʌ/ (hut)

Question 36

high back vowels

Answer 36

• /u/ (boot)
• /ʊ/ (book)

Question 37

mid back vowels

Answer 37

• /o/ pillow
• /ɔ/ (law)

Question 38

low back vowels

Answer 38

/a/ (bot)

Question 39

diphthong vowels: in “make”

Answer 39

/eɪ/

Question 40

diphthong vowels: in “buy”

Answer 40

/aɪ/

Question 41

diphthong vowels: in “boy”

Answer 41

/ɔɪ/

Question 42

diphthong vowels: in “year”

Answer 42

/ɪə/

Question 43

diphthong vowels: in “pair”

Answer 43

/eə/

Question 44

diphthong vowels: in “slow”

Answer 44

/əʊ/

Question 45

diphthong vowels: in “boat”

Answer 45

/oʊ/

Question 46

diphthong vowels: in “how”

Answer 46

/aʊ/

Question 47

diphthong vowels: in “poor”

Answer 47

/ʊə/