Phonatory System: Overview and Framework (EXAM 2) Flashcards
Phonatory system is…
Sound Source
Important for speech production and phonation
Aeromechanical and acoustic events
Speech production
Using air under pressure to produce phonation
Phonation
Generation of voiced sounds, sounds that can be heard and percieved
Basic Speech Functions
Producing (Voiced and voiceless sounds)
Modifying (Pitch, loudness)
Influencing (Voice quality)
Basic Biological Functions
Prevents air from escaping lungs (Phonation threshold pressure)
Prevent foreign substance from entering (swallow)
Expel foreign substance out (cough)
Coughing
Vocal folds close tightly for air pressure build up then sudden release.
coughs are usually on exhalation
Location of Larynx
On top of the trachea
Perfect location to protect the airway and use the air from lungs for phonation
Gatekeeper between lower and upper respiratory tracts used for breathing, phonation, controlling and protecting the airway
Cricotracheal Membrane
Secures larynx to top of trachea, the border between larynx and trachea directly under the cricoid cartilage
Hyoid Bone
Above larynx, attaches to the larynx via the thyrohyoid membrane. Has the suprahyoid muscles above, larynx below
UNIQUE
only bone in human body not connected to other bones and is instead suspended in muscular sling
Hyoid bone mobility
Can move in 3 directions:
Forward and up
Backward and up
Downward
When hyoid moves, it can move the larynx in the same direction, coupled with trachea’s flexibility, it can move in a variety of directions
Cartilage
firm, elastic and flexible “almost bone” connective tissue
Main laryngeal cartilages
Cricoid
Thyroid
Arytenoids (2)
Epiglottis
Sub laryngeal cartilages
Corniculate (caps) (2)
Cuneiform (2)
Cricoid cartilage
Ring-like
Located: top of trachea directly connected to it via the cricotracheal membrane
Landmarks: 2 articular facets (small, flat surface where two cartilages meet)
1.) Arytenoid articular facet
2.) Thyroid articular facet
Arytenoid articular facet
Location: Posterior, superior border of the cricoid
Creates the cricoarytenoid joint