Phonatory System: Overview and Framework (EXAM 2) Flashcards
Phonatory system is…
Sound Source
Important for speech production and phonation
Aeromechanical and acoustic events
Speech production
Using air under pressure to produce phonation
Phonation
Generation of voiced sounds, sounds that can be heard and percieved
Basic Speech Functions
Producing (Voiced and voiceless sounds)
Modifying (Pitch, loudness)
Influencing (Voice quality)
Basic Biological Functions
Prevents air from escaping lungs (Phonation threshold pressure)
Prevent foreign substance from entering (swallow)
Expel foreign substance out (cough)
Coughing
Vocal folds close tightly for air pressure build up then sudden release.
coughs are usually on exhalation
Location of Larynx
On top of the trachea
Perfect location to protect the airway and use the air from lungs for phonation
Gatekeeper between lower and upper respiratory tracts used for breathing, phonation, controlling and protecting the airway
Cricotracheal Membrane
Secures larynx to top of trachea, the border between larynx and trachea directly under the cricoid cartilage
Hyoid Bone
Above larynx, attaches to the larynx via the thyrohyoid membrane. Has the suprahyoid muscles above, larynx below
UNIQUE
only bone in human body not connected to other bones and is instead suspended in muscular sling
Hyoid bone mobility
Can move in 3 directions:
Forward and up
Backward and up
Downward
When hyoid moves, it can move the larynx in the same direction, coupled with trachea’s flexibility, it can move in a variety of directions
Cartilage
firm, elastic and flexible “almost bone” connective tissue
Main laryngeal cartilages
Cricoid
Thyroid
Arytenoids (2)
Epiglottis
Sub laryngeal cartilages
Corniculate (caps) (2)
Cuneiform (2)
Cricoid cartilage
Ring-like
Located: top of trachea directly connected to it via the cricotracheal membrane
Landmarks: 2 articular facets (small, flat surface where two cartilages meet)
1.) Arytenoid articular facet
2.) Thyroid articular facet
Arytenoid articular facet
Location: Posterior, superior border of the cricoid
Creates the cricoarytenoid joint
Thyroid articular facet
Location: Anterior, lateral, inferior border of the cricoid
Creates the cricothyroid joint
Thyroid cartilage
Location: just below the hyoid bone, and above the cricoid cartilage
Landmarks: 4 landmarks
1.) Superior cornu
2.) Inferior cornu
3.) Notch
4.) Prominence
Superior cornu
Attaches to the hyoid bone via ligaments and membranes
Inferior cornu
Articulates with the thyroid articular facet of the cricoid to make cricothyroid joint
Cricothyroid joints
Allows for the shortening and lengthening of the vocal folds
Notch
Prominent “slot” on edge of thyroid
Prominence
Large protrusion below notch
Adams apple more noticeable in adult male
Arytenoid Cartilage
2 small cartilages with corniculate cartilage caps
Location: Posterior superior border of the cricoid cartilage sitting on top of the arytenoid articular facet of the cricoid making up the cricoarytenoid joint
Landmarks: 3 landmarks
1.) Apex
2.) Vocal process
3.) Muscular process
Cricoarytenoid joint
Allows for the opening and closing of the vocal folds (ab/adduction)
Apex
Superior projection of arytenoid below corniculate caps
Major muscle attachment
Vocal process
Anterior projection (toward thyroid)
Point on attachment for vocal ligament and thyroarytenoid muscles
Muscular process
Posterior projection/process
major point of muscle attachment
Epiglottis
Leaf-shaped appearance
Covers up the entry between vocal folds to trachea
Location: Just below the notch of the thyroid on the inside of the thyroid cartilage
Main function: Protects airways and covers up the trachea
Often visible in living larynx as a landmark for the anterior portion
