Phonatory System: Overview and Framework (EXAM 2)

Question 1

Phonatory system is…

Answer 1

Sound Source
Important for speech production and phonation
Aeromechanical and acoustic events

Question 2

Speech production

Answer 2

Using air under pressure to produce phonation

Question 3

Phonation

Answer 3

Generation of voiced sounds, sounds that can be heard and percieved

Question 4

Basic Speech Functions

Answer 4

Producing (Voiced and voiceless sounds)
Modifying (Pitch, loudness)
Influencing (Voice quality)

Question 5

Basic Biological Functions

Answer 5

Prevents air from escaping lungs (Phonation threshold pressure)
Prevent foreign substance from entering (swallow)
Expel foreign substance out (cough)

Question 6

Coughing

Answer 6

Vocal folds close tightly for air pressure build up then sudden release.

coughs are usually on exhalation

Question 7

Location of Larynx

Answer 7

On top of the trachea
Perfect location to protect the airway and use the air from lungs for phonation

Gatekeeper between lower and upper respiratory tracts used for breathing, phonation, controlling and protecting the airway

Question 8

Cricotracheal Membrane

Answer 8

Secures larynx to top of trachea, the border between larynx and trachea directly under the cricoid cartilage

Question 9

Hyoid Bone

Answer 9

Above larynx, attaches to the larynx via the thyrohyoid membrane. Has the suprahyoid muscles above, larynx below

UNIQUE
only bone in human body not connected to other bones and is instead suspended in muscular sling

Question 10

Hyoid bone mobility

Answer 10

Can move in 3 directions:
Forward and up
Backward and up
Downward

When hyoid moves, it can move the larynx in the same direction, coupled with trachea’s flexibility, it can move in a variety of directions

Question 11

Cartilage

Answer 11

firm, elastic and flexible “almost bone” connective tissue

Question 12

Main laryngeal cartilages

Answer 12

Cricoid
Thyroid
Arytenoids (2)
Epiglottis

Question 13

Sub laryngeal cartilages

Answer 13

Corniculate (caps) (2)
Cuneiform (2)

Question 14

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 14

Ring-like
Located: top of trachea directly connected to it via the cricotracheal membrane

Landmarks: 2 articular facets (small, flat surface where two cartilages meet)
1.) Arytenoid articular facet
2.) Thyroid articular facet

Question 15

Arytenoid articular facet

Answer 15

Location: Posterior, superior border of the cricoid
Creates the cricoarytenoid joint

Question 16

Thyroid articular facet

Answer 16

Location: Anterior, lateral, inferior border of the cricoid
Creates the cricothyroid joint

Question 17

Thyroid cartilage

Answer 17

Location: just below the hyoid bone, and above the cricoid cartilage

Landmarks: 4 landmarks
1.) Superior cornu
2.) Inferior cornu
3.) Notch
4.) Prominence

Question 18

Superior cornu

Answer 18

Attaches to the hyoid bone via ligaments and membranes

Question 19

Inferior cornu

Answer 19

Articulates with the thyroid articular facet of the cricoid to make cricothyroid joint

Question 20

Cricothyroid joints

Answer 20

Allows for the shortening and lengthening of the vocal folds

Question 21

Notch

Answer 21

Prominent “slot” on edge of thyroid

Question 22

Prominence

Answer 22

Large protrusion below notch
Adams apple more noticeable in adult male

Question 23

Arytenoid Cartilage

Answer 23

2 small cartilages with corniculate cartilage caps

Location: Posterior superior border of the cricoid cartilage sitting on top of the arytenoid articular facet of the cricoid making up the cricoarytenoid joint

Landmarks: 3 landmarks
1.) Apex
2.) Vocal process
3.) Muscular process

Question 24

Cricoarytenoid joint

Answer 24

Allows for the opening and closing of the vocal folds (ab/adduction)

Question 25

Apex

Answer 25

Superior projection of arytenoid below corniculate caps
Major muscle attachment

Question 26

Vocal process

Answer 26

Anterior projection (toward thyroid)
Point on attachment for vocal ligament and thyroarytenoid muscles

Question 27

Muscular process

Answer 27

Posterior projection/process
major point of muscle attachment

Question 28

Epiglottis

Answer 28

Leaf-shaped appearance
Covers up the entry between vocal folds to trachea

Location: Just below the notch of the thyroid on the inside of the thyroid cartilage

Main function: Protects airways and covers up the trachea
Often visible in living larynx as a landmark for the anterior portion