Phonatory System: Overview and Framework (EXAM 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Phonatory system is…

A

Sound Source
Important for speech production and phonation
Aeromechanical and acoustic events

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2
Q

Speech production

A

Using air under pressure to produce phonation

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3
Q

Phonation

A

Generation of voiced sounds, sounds that can be heard and percieved

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4
Q

Basic Speech Functions

A

Producing (Voiced and voiceless sounds)
Modifying (Pitch, loudness)
Influencing (Voice quality)

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5
Q

Basic Biological Functions

A

Prevents air from escaping lungs (Phonation threshold pressure)
Prevent foreign substance from entering (swallow)
Expel foreign substance out (cough)

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6
Q

Coughing

A

Vocal folds close tightly for air pressure build up then sudden release.

coughs are usually on exhalation

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7
Q

Location of Larynx

A

On top of the trachea
Perfect location to protect the airway and use the air from lungs for phonation

Gatekeeper between lower and upper respiratory tracts used for breathing, phonation, controlling and protecting the airway

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8
Q

Cricotracheal Membrane

A

Secures larynx to top of trachea, the border between larynx and trachea directly under the cricoid cartilage

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9
Q

Hyoid Bone

A

Above larynx, attaches to the larynx via the thyrohyoid membrane. Has the suprahyoid muscles above, larynx below

UNIQUE
only bone in human body not connected to other bones and is instead suspended in muscular sling

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10
Q

Hyoid bone mobility

A

Can move in 3 directions:
Forward and up
Backward and up
Downward

When hyoid moves, it can move the larynx in the same direction, coupled with trachea’s flexibility, it can move in a variety of directions

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11
Q

Cartilage

A

firm, elastic and flexible “almost bone” connective tissue

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12
Q

Main laryngeal cartilages

A

Cricoid
Thyroid
Arytenoids (2)
Epiglottis

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13
Q

Sub laryngeal cartilages

A

Corniculate (caps) (2)
Cuneiform (2)

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14
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Ring-like
Located: top of trachea directly connected to it via the cricotracheal membrane

Landmarks: 2 articular facets (small, flat surface where two cartilages meet)
1.) Arytenoid articular facet
2.) Thyroid articular facet

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15
Q

Arytenoid articular facet

A

Location: Posterior, superior border of the cricoid
Creates the cricoarytenoid joint

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16
Q

Thyroid articular facet

A

Location: Anterior, lateral, inferior border of the cricoid
Creates the cricothyroid joint

17
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Location: just below the hyoid bone, and above the cricoid cartilage

Landmarks: 4 landmarks
1.) Superior cornu
2.) Inferior cornu
3.) Notch
4.) Prominence

18
Q

Superior cornu

A

Attaches to the hyoid bone via ligaments and membranes

19
Q

Inferior cornu

A

Articulates with the thyroid articular facet of the cricoid to make cricothyroid joint

20
Q

Cricothyroid joints

A

Allows for the shortening and lengthening of the vocal folds

21
Q

Notch

A

Prominent “slot” on edge of thyroid

22
Q

Prominence

A

Large protrusion below notch
Adams apple more noticeable in adult male

23
Q

Arytenoid Cartilage

A

2 small cartilages with corniculate cartilage caps

Location: Posterior superior border of the cricoid cartilage sitting on top of the arytenoid articular facet of the cricoid making up the cricoarytenoid joint

Landmarks: 3 landmarks
1.) Apex
2.) Vocal process
3.) Muscular process

24
Q

Cricoarytenoid joint

A

Allows for the opening and closing of the vocal folds (ab/adduction)

25
Q

Apex

A

Superior projection of arytenoid below corniculate caps
Major muscle attachment

26
Q

Vocal process

A

Anterior projection (toward thyroid)
Point on attachment for vocal ligament and thyroarytenoid muscles

27
Q

Muscular process

A

Posterior projection/process
major point of muscle attachment

28
Q

Epiglottis

A

Leaf-shaped appearance
Covers up the entry between vocal folds to trachea

Location: Just below the notch of the thyroid on the inside of the thyroid cartilage

Main function: Protects airways and covers up the trachea
Often visible in living larynx as a landmark for the anterior portion