Articulatory system: Biological Physiology

Question 1

Speech functions

Answer 1

Sound shaper
Vocal tract modifies sound source into various speech sounds

Question 2

Biological functions

Answer 2

Smell/taste
Swallowing
Warms, humidifies, and filters inhaled air

Question 3

Swallowing

Answer 3

Deglutition
4 phases:
1. Oral prepatory
2. Oral transport
3. Pharyngeal transport
4. Esophageal transport

Question 4

1. Oral prepatory

Answer 4

Voluntary
Biting, chewing, salivating, or drinking to prepare bolus (food in mouth) for swallowing

Muscles:
Mandible depressors (Mylohyoid, geniohyoid, digastric anterior)
Mandible elevators (Masseter, medial pterygoid, temporalis)

Facial muscles (lip compressor orbicularis oris)

Tongue muscles for bolus movement

Question 5

2. Oral transport

Answer 5

Voluntary
Moving bolus from oral cavity toward pharynx, not yet in pharynx, but is moving towards it in the oral cavity (voluntary decision to swallow)

Muscles:
Tongue muscles; pushing bolus into pharynx

Facial muscles: Lip compressor orbicularis oris

Mandible muscles: mandible stays elevated/closed

Question 6

Pharyngeal transport

Answer 6

Involuntary
Moving bolus through pharynx to esophagus while protecting the airways (nasal, laryngeal)

Muscles:
Velopharyngeal: VP closers, levator palatini, uvula muscle, superior constrictor

Larynx
Pull hyoid up and forward, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric anterior
Epiglottis down (aryepiglottis)
Glottis closed (Adductors)

Pharynx
Dilates to catch the bolus (stylopharyngeus)

Question 7

4. Esophageal transport

Answer 7

Involuntary
Moving bolus through esophagus to stomach to begin digestion; has entered/is traveling through esophagus at this stage