Phonatory System: General Anatomy (EXAM 2)

Question 1

Laryngeal Joints

Answer 1

Cricoarytenoid joint
Cricothyroid joint

Question 2

Cricoarytenoid joints

Answer 2

Closes/opens VF (adduct and abduct)

Connects at the articular facet of arytenoid on cricoid cartilage

allows for: Arytenoid to move in complex rocking and sliding motion (Cricoid stay put)

Question 3

Cricoarytenoid joint motion

Answer 3

Abduction (Opening): VF moves AWAY from each other, a very clear split

Adduction (Closing): VF moves TOGETHER and vibrates, allowing for voiced sound and closure for swallowing

Question 4

Cricothyroid Joint

Answer 4

Lengthen/shorten VF and change pitch
Connects at the articular facet of thyroid on cricoid cartilage

Both cricoid and thyroid moves in complex rotating and sliding motions

Question 5

Cricothyroid Joint Movements

Answer 5

Lengthening: Increasing distance between cricoid and thyroid (going farther away), elongating VF, raising pitch

Shortening: Decreasing distance between cricoid and thyroid (getting closer together), shortening VF, lowering pitch

Question 6

Folds

Answer 6

True VF
False VF
Aryepiglottic folds

Question 7

True VF

Answer 7

Made up of primarily muscle that is highly vascular
Provides support for phonation
Stretched= higher pitch via cricothyroid muscle and joint

Consists of:
Vocal ligament
Internal and external thyroarytenoids

Located: in between each arytenoid and shares inside midline of thyroid, under 1 inch for adult

Question 8

Glottis

Answer 8

Variable space between vocal folds. Can either be visible or nonexistent

Question 9

False VF

Answer 9

AKA Ventricular folds, Vestibular folds

Location: Above true VF (layered)

Function: Contains mucous glands that lubricate true VF; moist = good

Should not phonate (rare)
ventricular dysphonia: rough, hoarse sound due to disease where false VF phonate

Question 10

Aryepiglottic folds

Answer 10

Location: lateral borders of epiglottis, surrounds entire epiglottis; lining entrance of larynx

Function: Pulls epiglottis down with aryepiglottic muscle which resides inside of the folds
Cuneiform cartilage may also be embedded inside

Question 11

Membranes

Answer 11

Quadrangular membrane
Cricotracheal membrane

Question 12

Quadrangular Membrane

Answer 12

Location: lateral borders of epiglottis, all the way down to arytenoid’s lateral wall
upper edge is at aryepiglottic folds (1) and where it meets thyroid (2)
Lower edge is seen at false vocal folds (3/4)
Makes quadrangular shape
Can only be seen in sagittal view

Question 13

Cavities/Ventricles

Answer 13

Supraglottal cavity
Laryngeal cavity
Subglottal cavity
Glottis
Piriform sinus (recess)

Question 14

Supraglottal cavity

Answer 14

Space above VF (false and true)
Vestibule; aka the hallway in front of the entrance

Question 15

Laryngeal cavity

Answer 15

Small “pouch” between false and true vocal folds linked with mucus glands for true VF moisture

Question 16

Subglottal cavity

Answer 16

Space below true VF

Question 17

Piriform sinus (recess)

Answer 17

Space on outer side of quadrangular membrane, outer “pouch”