Philosophy Flashcards
1748-1832 English philosopher
Known as the “Father of Utilitarianism”
“Introduction to Principles of Morals & Legislation” (1789)
JEREMY BENTHAM
1806-1873
English “3-named” philosopher & economist
Proponent of utilitarianism
“Principles of political economy”
“The Subjection of Women”
“On Liberty”
JOHN STUART MILL
1872-1970
Lord/Earl, grandson of Prime Minister John
Philosopher & logician
“Principia Mathematica”
1950 Nobel for Literature
Jailed for anti-war protests
BERTRAND RUSSELL
Jewish-Dutch philosopher
Parents of Portuguese descent
Expelled/excommunicated from Jewish society
Rationalist & pantheist
“Ethics”
BARUCH (DE) SPINOZA
BENEDICTUS DE SPINOZA
English political philosopher 1588-1679
Social contract theorist
Author of “Leviathan” (1651)
THOMAS HOBBES
Thomas Hobbes’ 1651 work
In a “state of nature” or “war of all against all”, humans are selfish
Life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, & short.”
Argued for a “sovereign authority” to which people must surrender.
LEVIATHAN
German-swiss existentialist
“Weltanschauung” (worldview)
KARL JASPERS
Latin, “Clean slate”
used by Locke in 1690 “Essay Concerning Human Understanding”
TABULA RASA
Paradox that says Achilles will never catch the tortoise
ZENO’S PARADOX
A paradox says “All Cretans are liars” according to this man, a Cretan
EPIMENIDES PARADOX
Greek philosopher 333-264 BCE
Founder of stoicism (from “stoa”, portico, where he taught)
ZENO
Dutch Catholic priest & philosopher 1466-1536
“Prince of the Humanists”
Wrote a Greek New Testament
“In Praise of Folly”
DESIDERIUS ERASMUS
German philosopher
Co-author of “The Communist Manifesto”
Also edited parts of “Das Kapital” & provided financial aid to Marx
FRIEDRICH ENGELS
Sponsor & translator of 1st English Bible, circa 1382
Namesake of Fugees rapper
JOHN WYCLIFFE
Czech “reformer”
Burned in 1415 for heresy
JAN HUS
Lord High Chancellor to Henry VIII
Author of “Utopia” (1516)
Held in Tower of London & beheaded in 1535 for refusal to acknowledge Henry VIII’s anullment to Catherine of Aragon and refusal to sign the Oath of Supremacy (stating the king as head of the Church of England)
Now a Catholic saint
Subject of Robert Bolt’s “A Man For All Seasons” (from an Erasmus quote about More, “omnium horarum homo”)
SIR THOMAS MORE
Thomas More work of 1516
From Greek, “No place”
Describes a communist island
UTOPIA
