Philosophy

Question 1

1748-1832 English philosopher
Known as the “Father of Utilitarianism”
“Introduction to Principles of Morals & Legislation” (1789)

Answer 1

JEREMY BENTHAM

Question 2

1806-1873
English “3-named” philosopher & economist
Proponent of utilitarianism
“Principles of political economy”
“The Subjection of Women”
“On Liberty”

Answer 2

JOHN STUART MILL

Question 3

1872-1970
Lord/Earl, grandson of Prime Minister John
Philosopher & logician
“Principia Mathematica”
1950 Nobel for Literature
Jailed for anti-war protests

Answer 3

BERTRAND RUSSELL

Question 4

Jewish-Dutch philosopher
Parents of Portuguese descent
Expelled/excommunicated from Jewish society
Rationalist & pantheist
“Ethics”

Answer 4

BARUCH (DE) SPINOZA
BENEDICTUS DE SPINOZA

Question 5

English political philosopher 1588-1679
Social contract theorist
Author of “Leviathan” (1651)

Answer 5

THOMAS HOBBES

Question 6

Thomas Hobbes’ 1651 work
In a “state of nature” or “war of all against all”, humans are selfish
Life is “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, & short.”
Argued for a “sovereign authority” to which people must surrender.

Answer 6

LEVIATHAN

Question 7

German-swiss existentialist
“Weltanschauung” (worldview)

Answer 7

KARL JASPERS

Question 8

Latin, “Clean slate”
used by Locke in 1690 “Essay Concerning Human Understanding”

Answer 8

TABULA RASA

Question 9

Paradox that says Achilles will never catch the tortoise

Answer 9

ZENO’S PARADOX

Question 10

A paradox says “All Cretans are liars” according to this man, a Cretan

Answer 10

EPIMENIDES PARADOX

Question 11

Greek philosopher 333-264 BCE
Founder of stoicism (from “stoa”, portico, where he taught)

Answer 11

ZENO

Question 12

Dutch Catholic priest & philosopher 1466-1536
“Prince of the Humanists”
Wrote a Greek New Testament
“In Praise of Folly”

Answer 12

DESIDERIUS ERASMUS

Question 13

German philosopher
Co-author of “The Communist Manifesto”
Also edited parts of “Das Kapital” & provided financial aid to Marx

Answer 13

FRIEDRICH ENGELS

Question 14

Sponsor & translator of 1st English Bible, circa 1382
Namesake of Fugees rapper

Answer 14

JOHN WYCLIFFE

Question 15

Czech “reformer”
Burned in 1415 for heresy

Answer 15

JAN HUS

Question 16

Lord High Chancellor to Henry VIII
Author of “Utopia” (1516)
Held in Tower of London & beheaded in 1535 for refusal to acknowledge Henry VIII’s anullment to Catherine of Aragon and refusal to sign the Oath of Supremacy (stating the king as head of the Church of England)
Now a Catholic saint
Subject of Robert Bolt’s “A Man For All Seasons” (from an Erasmus quote about More, “omnium horarum homo”)

Answer 16

SIR THOMAS MORE

Question 17

Thomas More work of 1516
From Greek, “No place”
Describes a communist island

Answer 17

UTOPIA