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That Is All > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Latin for “thighbone”
Longest & strongest bone in the adult human
Goes from the acetabulum (hip socket) to the patella (kneecap)

A

FEMUR

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2
Q

Shinbone
Latin for “pipe/flute”
2nd longest bone in the body

A

TIBIA

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3
Q

Latin for “clasp” as it resembles a safety pin
Parallel to, but thinner than, shinbone

A

FIBULA

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4
Q

Anklebone

A

TALUS

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5
Q

Kneecap
Latin for “shallow dish”
Site of a certain “reflex”
Triangular or sesamoid
Attaches to quadriceps

A

PATELLA

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6
Q

Greek for “upsilon-shaped”
Lingual bone
Anchors the TONGUE

A

HYOID

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7
Q

Latin for “cavity”
Air sacs in the LUNGS
~300 million in an adult human
Responsible for gas exchange
Their breakdown is called EMPHYSEMA

A

ALVEOLI

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8
Q

Latin for “atop kidneys”, describing their location
ENDOCRINE organs
Their insufficiency is called ADDISON’S DISEASE
Produce stress hormone CORTISOL
Produce fight-or-flight hormone EPINEPHRINE, which is used in epipens

A

ADRENAL GLANDS

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9
Q

Branching airways in LUNGS
Between TRACHEA and ALVEOLI

A

BRONCHIOLES

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10
Q

Also called “windpipe”
Leads from LARYNX to BRONCHI (in the LUNGS)
Located in front of ESOPHAGUS
Next to THYROID

A

TRACHEA

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11
Q

Also called “voice box” or “Adam’s apple”
Above TRACHEA

A

LARYNX

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12
Q

Greek for “over the tongue”
Flap of cartilage
Covers LARYNX when swallowing
Closes when hiccuping and produces a noise

A

EPIGLOTTIS

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13
Q

Set of 4 muscles
Shoulder
Commonly injured among baseball pitchers

A

ROTATOR CUFF

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14
Q

Latin for “4 heads”
Set of muscles
Front of thigh

A

QUADRICEPS
QUADS

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15
Q

Stress HORMONE
Latin for “bark”
Produced by ADRENAL GLANDS
8 letters

A

CORTISOL

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16
Q

Fight-or-flight stress/fear HORMONE
Greek for “on kidneys”, describing the ADRENAL GLANDS which produce it
Also called ADRENALINE
Used in “pens”

A

EPINEPHRINE

17
Q

Non-cellular blood fluid
Yellowish or straw-coloured
Contains GLOBULINS, ALBUMINS, & FIBRINOGEN

A

PLASMA

18
Q

Blood PLASMA with the clotting factors like FIBRIN removed

A

SERUM

19
Q

Blood glycoprotein
Threads whose production is prompted by PROTHROMBIN
Cause clotting

A

FIBRIN
(made from FIBRINOGENS)

20
Q

Blood proteins
Include alpha, beta, and gamma varieties
“Gamma” ones are also known as antibodies

A

GLOBULINS
IMMUNO-GLOBULINS (gamma)

21
Q

“Colourful” cells
Contain iron in HEMOGLOBIN
Carry oxygen

A

RED BLOOD CELLS
ERYTHROCYTES

22
Q

Immune cells
Differentiate in bone marrow
e.g.
MONOCYTES (one nucleus)
LYMPHOCYTES (B & T cells)
PHAGOCYTES (which “eat” invasive cells)
NEUTROPHILS

A

WHITE BLOOD CELLS
LEUKOCYTES

23
Q

Small, disk-shaped cells
Clotting agent in blood

A

PLATELETS
THROMBOCYTES

24
Q

Protein in RED BLOOD CELLS that makes them red
Contains IRON
Carries OXYGEN

A

HEMOGLOBIN

25
Q

Term for free-floating “bodies” in the blood such as ERYTHROCYTES & THROMBOCYTES

A

CORPUSCLES

26
Q

4-letter term
Top of the head

A

PATE

27
Q

“Soft spot” on a baby’s head

A

FONTANEL(LE)

28
Q

Muscle
Back of thigh, from hip to knee
Include biceps femoris and semitendinosus

A

HAMSTRINGS

29
Q

Muscle
Named for shape
Upper back, attaches to scapula
Moves shoulder blade and raises arm

A

TRAPEZIUS

30
Q

Ligaments in knee
Connect femur and tibia
Commonly torn
Cross each other (hence name)

A

ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS
(ACL & PCL)

31
Q

Also called retinol
Liver produces it from beta-carotene
Deficiency can cause night blindness
Found in dairy fat and in veggies like carrot or squash
Added to milk with Vitamin D

A

VITAMIN A

32
Q

Also called calcitriol
Deficiency can cause rickets
Activated by UV rays from sunlight
Added to milk, with Vitamin A

A

VITAMIN D

33
Q

Pear-shaped bile sac under the liver
Stores ~2 oz of bile from the liver, which it releases into the small intestine to digest fats
Warhol & Eisenhower had theirs removed due to stones

A

GALLBLADDER

34
Q

Red/yellow pigment from broken down red blood cells
Too much can cause jaundice (usually due to liver malfunction)
Means “red bile”

A

BILIRUBIN

That Is All (34 decks)

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