Anatomy & Physiology

Question 1

Latin for “thighbone”
Longest & strongest bone in the adult human
Goes from the acetabulum (hip socket) to the patella (kneecap)

Answer 1

FEMUR

Question 2

Shinbone
Latin for “pipe/flute”
2nd longest bone in the body

Answer 2

TIBIA

Question 3

Latin for “clasp” as it resembles a safety pin
Parallel to, but thinner than, shinbone

Answer 3

FIBULA

Question 4

Anklebone

Answer 4

TALUS

Question 5

Kneecap
Latin for “shallow dish”
Site of a certain “reflex”
Triangular or sesamoid
Attaches to quadriceps

Answer 5

PATELLA

Question 6

Greek for “upsilon-shaped”
Lingual bone
Anchors the TONGUE

Answer 6

HYOID

Question 7

Latin for “cavity”
Air sacs in the LUNGS
~300 million in an adult human
Responsible for gas exchange
Their breakdown is called EMPHYSEMA

Answer 7

ALVEOLI

Question 8

Latin for “atop kidneys”, describing their location
ENDOCRINE organs
Their insufficiency is called ADDISON’S DISEASE
Produce stress hormone CORTISOL
Produce fight-or-flight hormone EPINEPHRINE, which is used in epipens

Answer 8

ADRENAL GLANDS

Question 9

Branching airways in LUNGS
Between TRACHEA and ALVEOLI

Answer 9

BRONCHIOLES

Question 10

Also called “windpipe”
Leads from LARYNX to BRONCHI (in the LUNGS)
Located in front of ESOPHAGUS
Next to THYROID

Answer 10

TRACHEA

Question 11

Also called “voice box” or “Adam’s apple”
Above TRACHEA

Answer 11

LARYNX

Question 12

Greek for “over the tongue”
Flap of cartilage
Covers LARYNX when swallowing
Closes when hiccuping and produces a noise

Answer 12

EPIGLOTTIS

Question 13

Set of 4 muscles
Shoulder
Commonly injured among baseball pitchers

Answer 13

ROTATOR CUFF

Question 14

Latin for “4 heads”
Set of muscles
Front of thigh

Answer 14

QUADRICEPS
QUADS

Question 15

Stress HORMONE
Latin for “bark”
Produced by ADRENAL GLANDS
8 letters

Answer 15

CORTISOL

Question 16

Fight-or-flight stress/fear HORMONE
Greek for “on kidneys”, describing the ADRENAL GLANDS which produce it
Also called ADRENALINE
Used in “pens”

Answer 16

EPINEPHRINE

Question 17

Non-cellular blood fluid
Yellowish or straw-coloured
Contains GLOBULINS, ALBUMINS, & FIBRINOGEN

Answer 17

PLASMA

Question 18

Blood PLASMA with the clotting factors like FIBRIN removed

Answer 18

SERUM

Question 19

Blood glycoprotein
Threads whose production is prompted by PROTHROMBIN
Cause clotting

Answer 19

FIBRIN
(made from FIBRINOGENS)

Question 20

Blood proteins
Include alpha, beta, and gamma varieties
“Gamma” ones are also known as antibodies

Answer 20

GLOBULINS
IMMUNO-GLOBULINS (gamma)

Question 21

“Colourful” cells
Contain iron in HEMOGLOBIN
Carry oxygen

Answer 21

RED BLOOD CELLS
ERYTHROCYTES

Question 22

Immune cells
Differentiate in bone marrow
e.g.
MONOCYTES (one nucleus)
LYMPHOCYTES (B & T cells)
PHAGOCYTES (which “eat” invasive cells)
NEUTROPHILS

Answer 22

WHITE BLOOD CELLS
LEUKOCYTES

Question 23

Small, disk-shaped cells
Clotting agent in blood

Answer 23

PLATELETS
THROMBOCYTES

Question 24

Protein in RED BLOOD CELLS that makes them red
Contains IRON
Carries OXYGEN

Answer 24

HEMOGLOBIN

Question 25

Term for free-floating "bodies" in the blood such as ERYTHROCYTES & THROMBOCYTES

Answer 25

CORPUSCLES

Question 26

4-letter term Top of the head

Answer 26

PATE

Question 27

"Soft spot" on a baby's head

Answer 27

FONTANEL(LE)

Question 28

Muscle Back of thigh, from hip to knee Include biceps femoris and semitendinosus

Answer 28

HAMSTRINGS

Question 29

Muscle Named for shape Upper back, attaches to scapula Moves shoulder blade and raises arm

Answer 29

TRAPEZIUS

Question 30

Ligaments in knee Connect femur and tibia Commonly torn Cross each other (hence name)

Answer 30

ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS (ACL & PCL)

Question 31

Also called retinol Liver produces it from beta-carotene Deficiency can cause night blindness Found in dairy fat and in veggies like carrot or squash Added to milk with Vitamin D

Answer 31

VITAMIN A

Question 32

Also called calcitriol Deficiency can cause rickets Activated by UV rays from sunlight Added to milk, with Vitamin A

Answer 32

VITAMIN D

Question 33

Pear-shaped bile sac under the liver Stores ~2 oz of bile from the liver, which it releases into the small intestine to digest fats Warhol & Eisenhower had theirs removed due to stones

Answer 33

GALLBLADDER

Question 34

Red/yellow pigment from broken down red blood cells Too much can cause jaundice (usually due to liver malfunction) Means "red bile"

Answer 34

BILIRUBIN