Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
Latin for “thighbone”
Longest & strongest bone in the adult human
Goes from the acetabulum (hip socket) to the patella (kneecap)
FEMUR
Shinbone
Latin for “pipe/flute”
2nd longest bone in the body
TIBIA
Latin for “clasp” as it resembles a safety pin
Parallel to, but thinner than, shinbone
FIBULA
Anklebone
TALUS
Kneecap
Latin for “shallow dish”
Site of a certain “reflex”
Triangular or sesamoid
Attaches to quadriceps
PATELLA
Greek for “upsilon-shaped”
Lingual bone
Anchors the TONGUE
HYOID
Latin for “cavity”
Air sacs in the LUNGS
~300 million in an adult human
Responsible for gas exchange
Their breakdown is called EMPHYSEMA
ALVEOLI
Latin for “atop kidneys”, describing their location
ENDOCRINE organs
Their insufficiency is called ADDISON’S DISEASE
Produce stress hormone CORTISOL
Produce fight-or-flight hormone EPINEPHRINE, which is used in epipens
ADRENAL GLANDS
Branching airways in LUNGS
Between TRACHEA and ALVEOLI
BRONCHIOLES
Also called “windpipe”
Leads from LARYNX to BRONCHI (in the LUNGS)
Located in front of ESOPHAGUS
Next to THYROID
TRACHEA
Also called “voice box” or “Adam’s apple”
Above TRACHEA
LARYNX
Greek for “over the tongue”
Flap of cartilage
Covers LARYNX when swallowing
Closes when hiccuping and produces a noise
EPIGLOTTIS
Set of 4 muscles
Shoulder
Commonly injured among baseball pitchers
ROTATOR CUFF
Latin for “4 heads”
Set of muscles
Front of thigh
QUADRICEPS
QUADS
Stress HORMONE
Latin for “bark”
Produced by ADRENAL GLANDS
8 letters
CORTISOL
Fight-or-flight stress/fear HORMONE
Greek for “on kidneys”, describing the ADRENAL GLANDS which produce it
Also called ADRENALINE
Used in “pens”
EPINEPHRINE
Non-cellular blood fluid
Yellowish or straw-coloured
Contains GLOBULINS, ALBUMINS, & FIBRINOGEN
PLASMA
Blood PLASMA with the clotting factors like FIBRIN removed
SERUM
Blood glycoprotein
Threads whose production is prompted by PROTHROMBIN
Cause clotting
FIBRIN
(made from FIBRINOGENS)
Blood proteins
Include alpha, beta, and gamma varieties
“Gamma” ones are also known as antibodies
GLOBULINS
IMMUNO-GLOBULINS (gamma)
“Colourful” cells
Contain iron in HEMOGLOBIN
Carry oxygen
RED BLOOD CELLS
ERYTHROCYTES
Immune cells
Differentiate in bone marrow
e.g.
MONOCYTES (one nucleus)
LYMPHOCYTES (B & T cells)
PHAGOCYTES (which “eat” invasive cells)
NEUTROPHILS
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
LEUKOCYTES
Small, disk-shaped cells
Clotting agent in blood
PLATELETS
THROMBOCYTES
Protein in RED BLOOD CELLS that makes them red
Contains IRON
Carries OXYGEN
HEMOGLOBIN
Term for free-floating “bodies” in the blood such as ERYTHROCYTES & THROMBOCYTES
CORPUSCLES
4-letter term
Top of the head
PATE
“Soft spot” on a baby’s head
FONTANEL(LE)
Muscle
Back of thigh, from hip to knee
Include biceps femoris and semitendinosus
HAMSTRINGS
Muscle
Named for shape
Upper back, attaches to scapula
Moves shoulder blade and raises arm
TRAPEZIUS
Ligaments in knee
Connect femur and tibia
Commonly torn
Cross each other (hence name)
ANTERIOR & POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENTS
(ACL & PCL)
Also called retinol
Liver produces it from beta-carotene
Deficiency can cause night blindness
Found in dairy fat and in veggies like carrot or squash
Added to milk with Vitamin D
VITAMIN A
Also called calcitriol
Deficiency can cause rickets
Activated by UV rays from sunlight
Added to milk, with Vitamin A
VITAMIN D
Pear-shaped bile sac under the liver
Stores ~2 oz of bile from the liver, which it releases into the small intestine to digest fats
Warhol & Eisenhower had theirs removed due to stones
GALLBLADDER
Red/yellow pigment from broken down red blood cells
Too much can cause jaundice (usually due to liver malfunction)
Means “red bile”
BILIRUBIN
