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That Is All > Chemistry & Physics > Flashcards

Chemistry & Physics Flashcards

1
Q

CFC-based refrigerants trademarked by DuPont
Identified by Thomas Midgley in the 1930s

A

FREON

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2
Q

Trioxygen molecule
Pollutant at ground level
Protective UV barrier layer in the stratosphere (with an annual hole discovered in the 1980s)
Layer damaged by CFCs
Smell left behind after lightning

A

OZONE
O3

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3
Q

So-called “4th state of matter”
Ionized gas (to oversimplify)
Present in stars, solar wind, aurorae, lightning

A

PLASMA

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4
Q

Proposed as “anti-electron” in by Paul Dirac in 1930
Discovered and named in 1932
Antimatter/antiparticle of electron

A

POSITRON
(from POSITIVE ELECTRON)

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5
Q

“Destructive” process in which antimatter and matter (such as electron and positron) meet and release energy

A

ANNIHILATION

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6
Q

Discovered by Pierre Curie
Effect in which mechanical stress causes some materials, like quartz, to release a charge

A

PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT

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7
Q

Alloy of primarily copper, with ~12% tin

A

BRONZE

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8
Q

Naturally occurring alloy of silver & gold

A

ELECTRUM

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9
Q

Alloy of copper & zinc
Subject of “rubbing” by British hobbyists

A

BRASS

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10
Q

Alloy of iron & carbon

A

STEEL

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11
Q

Element that makes steel “stainless”

A

CHROMIUM

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12
Q

Previously “glucinium”
Element #4
Alkaline Earth metal

A

BERYLLIUM
Be

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13
Q

Alliterative alloy of iron, carbon & chromium

A

STAINLESS STEEL

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14
Q

Steel with a high carbon content is referred to with this “animal” name

A

PIG IRON

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15
Q

Austrian physicist
1887 paper on supersonic velocities
Name given to a supersonic “cone” as well as the “number” that is the ratio of one’s speed to the speed of sound

A

ERNST MACH

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16
Q

Yeast enzyme that converts carbs/sugars to CO2 & alcohol

A

ZYMASE

17
Q

Element 101
Named for the Russian chemist who established the periodic table

A

MENDELEVIUM
Md

18
Q

Element 117
Named for the location of Vanderbilt University and Oak Ridge Lab

A

TENNESSINE
Ts

19
Q

Hypothetical room-temperature nuclear fusion
In 1989 Pons & Fleischmann claimed to have discovered it but were debunked

A

COLD FUSION

20
Q

Radioactive emission of a high-speed positron or electron
Converts a proton to a neutron or vice versa

A

BETA DECAY/RAY/RADIATION/PARTICLE

21
Q

Russian chemist
Established modern periodic table & his “Periodic Law” (1869)
Namesake of element 101 (Md)

A

DMITRI MENDELEEV

22
Q

Precursor to vitamin A
Red/orange antioxidant
Found in carrot, sweet potato, squash, cantaloupe, fall leaves, and flamingoes

A

BETA-CAROTENE

23
Q

Sugar substitute
Discovered in 1879 by Constantin Fahlberg while doing coal tar experiments
Derived from toluene
Over 300x sweeter than sucrose, though bitter aftertaste
Early Monsanto product
Sold as Sweet’N Low

A

SACCHARIN

24
Q

Sugar substitute
Discovered 1965, FDA approved in 1981
~200x sweeter than sucrose
Sold as Equal & NutraSweet

A

ASPARTAME

25
Q

Sugar substitute
Derived from chlorinating sucrose
Sold as Splenda

A

SUCRALOSE

26
Q

Element #112
Named for Polish astronomer

A

COPERNICIUM

27
Q

Hydrogen isotope
Has 1 proton and 0 neutrons
Most common

A

PROTIUM

28
Q

Hydrogen isotope
1 proton & 1 neutron
1 in 6500
“Heavy hydrogen”
Used in ___ oxide, “heavy water”
1943 Norwegian commandos cut off Nazi supply
2 collide in an H-bomb/fusion bomb

A

DEUTERIUM

29
Q

Hydrogen isotope
1 hydrogen & 2 neutrons
Also called Hydrogen-3 or 3H
Radioactive, half-life of 12 years

A

TRITIUM

30
Q

Ratio of a quanta’s energy to its frequency
Named for German physicist Max

A

PLANCK CONSTANT

31
Q

Poison gas used in WWI
Also called “sulfur ____” or “yperite”
Named for its smell
SCH2CH2CL

A

MUSTARD GAS

32
Q

Nerve gas
Developed 1938
Causes paralysis
Used in 1995 Tokyo subway attack
Used by Iraq against Kurds

A

SARIN

33
Q

Fertilizer
Caused 2020 explosion in Beirut, Lebanon
NH4NO3

A

AMMONIUM NITRATE

34
Q

Ammonium carbonate & perfume
Used for fainting Victorian ladies & NFL players

A

SMELLING SALTS

35
Q

3-letter unit
1 atmosphere = ~14.7 of them

A

PSI
POUND PER SQUARE INCH

36
Q

Subatomic particle
Charm quark plus a charm antiquark

A

PSI PARTICLE
J/PSI MESON

37
Q

Evidence of the Big Bang
Can appear as TV static

A

(COSMIC MICROWAVE) BACKGROUND RADIATION

That Is All (34 decks)

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