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That Is All > Geology & Paleontology > Flashcards

Geology & Paleontology Flashcards

1
Q

Green chalcedony with red spots
Also called “heliotrope”
March birthstone

A

BLOODSTONE

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2
Q

Yellow QUARTZ
Also called “false topaz”
Heat can turn an AMETHYST into one

A

CITRINE

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3
Q

Greek for “not drunk”
Violet QUARTZ
South Carolina state gem
February birthstone
Produced by Uruguay

A

AMETHYST

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4
Q

Kind of aggregate QUARTZ
Starts with J

A

JASPER

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5
Q

SILICA crystals
Makes up most sand in the world
PIEZOELECTRIC, used in clocks & watches
#7 on the MOHS SCALE
Types include CHERT, FLINT, CHALCEDONY, AGATE, ONYX, AMETHYST, CITRINE

A

QUARTZ

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6
Q

SiO2 crystals
Makes up quartz

A

SILICA
SILICON DIOXIDE

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7
Q

Banded chalcedony/quartz
Also a type of shooting marble
Font size used in newspaper sports
Supposedly named for Sicily’s Achates river (perhaps vice versa)

A

AGATE

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8
Q

Banded chalcedony/quartz
Used in cameos & jewellery
Black

A

ONYX

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9
Q

“Onyx” with red bits (due to iron)

A

SARDONYX

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10
Q

Country where Caringorm “smoky quartz” comes from

A

SCOTLAND (U.K.)

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11
Q

“Iceman” discovered by tourists in 1991, Tyrolean Alps (Switz/Italy)
Natural mummy from ~3000-5000 years ago

A

OTZI

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12
Q

Hoax of 1912 in Sussex, England
Purported “missing link” fossils

A

PILTDOWN MAN

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13
Q

Cave in France’s Vezere Valley
UNESCO World Heritage Site
“Hall of Bulls” & other Stone Age paintings

A

LASCAUX

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14
Q

Extinct genus
Greek, “Southern ape”

A

AUSTRALOPITHECUS

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15
Q

Australopithecus specimen
~40% complete
Discovered in Ethiopia, 1974

A

LUCY

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16
Q

Homo species or sapiens subspecies
Named for a valley near Dusseldorf, Germany where it was discovered in 1856
Early humans of the Pleistocene Epoch

A

NEANDERTAL

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17
Q

Early Homo sapiens of Europe
Named for a French cave where they were found in 1868
co-existed with, & outlasted, Neanderthals
Known for cave art

A

CRO-MAGNON

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18
Q

“Upright man”
Specimens include Java Man, Peking Man

A

HOMO ERECTUS

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19
Q

Homo erectus specimen discovered in Indonesia, 1891 (Dubois)
1st known specimen

A

“JAVA MAN”

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20
Q

Homo erectus specimen discovered in 1920s in Zhoukoudian Caves, near Beijing

A

“PEKING MAN”

21
Q

“Handy man”
One of earliest Homo species

A

HOMO HABILIS

22
Q

Longest unit of geologic time
Divided into Eras
In astronomy, 1 billion years
Current: Phanerozoic

A

EON

23
Q

Geologic time unit
Shorter than Eon
Divided into Periods
Current: Cenozoic

A

ERA

24
Q

Geologic time unit
Shorter than Era
Divided into Epochs
Current: Quaternary

A

PERIOD

25
Q

Geologic time unit
Shorter than Period
Divided into Ages

A

EPOCH

26
Q

Shortest geologic time unit
Shorter than an Epoch
Current: Meghalayan

A

AGE

27
Q

Informal geologic Epoch starting when humans began impacting Earth

A

ANTHROPOCENE

28
Q

Current geologic Epoch, starting ~11,000 (eleven thousand) years ago
Name means “entirely new”

A

HOLOCENE

29
Q

“Newest” (but not current) geologic Epoch
~2.5 million ya - 11 thousand ya
Sometimes called “Ice Age” as it included the most recent one
mammoths, mastodons, neanderthals, & the first Homos roamed

A

PLEISTOCENE

30
Q

“Newer” Epoch
Prior to Pleistocene

A

PLIOCENE

31
Q

“Less new” geologic Epoch
Prior to Pliocene

A

MIOCENE

32
Q

“3-lobed” marine arthropod of Cambrian Period & Paleozoic Era
State fossil of Wisconsin, Ohio, & Pennsylvania

A

TRILOBITE

33
Q

“Breast-toothed” mammal
North America & Central America cousins of mammoths
Lived in the Pleistocene

A

MASTODON

34
Q

Cretaceous dinosaur with plate armour & a spiky tail

A

ANKYLOSAURUS

35
Q

Metamorphic rock formed from shale
Used in roofs, billiard tables, & blackboards
Also a shade of dark grey & a term for a candidate list

A

SLATE

36
Q

Most common sedimentary
Layers of mud/clay and other rocks
Often contains gas deposits

A

SHALE

37
Q

Sedimentary formation under New York named for a NY village

A

MARCELLUS SHALE

38
Q

Sedimentary formation in the BC Rockies near a same-named pass
Many rare fossils

A

BURGESS SHALE

39
Q

Sharp, shiny rock
Quickly cooled volcanic glass
Used in Aztec weapons

A

OBSIDIAN

40
Q

Hawai’ian name for a kind of basalt beloved by Scrabble players

A

AA

41
Q

Igneous rock
Latin, “foam”
Volcanic, porous enough to float
Exfoliates, polishes, abrades, plasters, used in concrete & in “Lava” soap

A

PUMICE

42
Q

Igneous
Most abundant volcanic rock (~90% of it)
Hard & dark
Mafic (magnesium + iron)
Makes up Devil’s Tower, Giant’s Causeway, black sand beaches, ocean crust (pillow form), & moon rocks

A

BASALT

43
Q

Slowly moving bodies of dense ice
None can be found in Australia
Pluto has nitrogen ones
e.g. Mendenhall or Vatnajokull

A

GLACIER

44
Q

The “birth” of icebergs from glaciers or shelfs is called this

A

CALVING

45
Q

A hole or depression left behind by a glacier
Sounds like a teapot

A

KETTLE

46
Q

Also called a bergschrund
French name for a fissure in a glacier

A

CREVASSE

47
Q

Also called a till
A hill of glacial debris deposit

A

MORAINE

48
Q

Floating ice mass
Antarctica’s include Ross (largest) & Ronne

A

ICE SHELF

That Is All (34 decks)

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