Art, Architecture, & Fashion Flashcards
Art school founded by Gropius in Weimar (1919)
Move to Dessau in 1925 & Berlin in 1932
Also a font
BAUHAUS
(Means “building house”)
German expressionist movement
1911-1914
Included Kandinsky & Klee
Shares name with a Kandinsky painting
THE BLUE RIDER
DER BLAUE REITER
1913 NYC exhibition
Included Duchamps’ “Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2”
Also included works by Renoir, Kandinsky, & Van Gogh
THE ARMORY SHOW
English designer
Ran SEX with Vivienne Westwood
Manager of the Sex Pistols
MALCOLM MCLAREN
German-American designer
Originally worked for his brother’s dry goods store
In San Francisco in 1853, began a denim business for miners
LEVI STRAUSS
Iranian designer
Had a Michael Jordan cologne
BIJAN
Finnish-American architect
Designed:
St. Louis’ Gateway Arch
Washington Dulles International Airport
The TWA Center at JFK
U.S. embassies in London & Oslo
The Tulip Chair
The Womb Chair
EERO SAARINEN
Finnish architect
Designed Helsinki’s railway station
Came 2nd in the Tribune Tower design contest
Father of another famed architect
ELIEL SAARINEN
Fashion designer
35 Oscar nominations, 8 wins (most for any woman)
Worked on The Sting
Designed Dorothy Lamour’s famous sarong
EDITH HEAD
“One-named” American designer of the 1970s
Designed Jackie Kennedy’s inauguration pillbox hat
(ROY) HALSTON (FROWICK)
Brooklyn-born designer
Released a line with Target
Project Runway All-Stars judge
ISAAC MIZRAHI
British designer
Worked with Malcolm McLaren on SEX
VIVIENNE WESTWOOD
Brazilian architect
Designed many of Brasilia’s public buildings
Collaborated on the U.N. HQ in NYC
OSCAR NIEMEYER
German-American architect
Founded the Bauhaus school in 1919
Taught architecture at Harvard (1937-1952)
Alma Schindler’s 2nd spouse
WALTER GROPIUS
American architect
Helped develop “parkways”
Designed:
Central Park, with Calvert Vaux in 1857
Brooklyn’s Prospect Park
Stanford campus
FREDERICK LAW OLMSTED
Spanish portraitist
1600s
Had Philip IV for his patron, whom he painted much
Also painted the Infanta Margarita & Pope Innocent X
DIEGO VELAZQUEZ
Diego Velazquez’s most famous painting
“The Ladies-in-Waiting”
Includes himself painting in the image
LAS MENINAS
French sculptor
Designed Statue of Liberty (structure created by Eiffel)
Also designed the Lafayette statue in Union Square
FREDERIC AUGUSTE BARTHOLDI
Swiss-German abstract painter
Said “A line is a dot that went for a walk”
PAUL KLEE
American photographer of “freaks”, “weirdos”, and the marginalized
Nee Nemerov
Committed suicide
Portrayed by Nicole Kidman in “Fur” (2006)
DIANE ARBUS
French painter & inventor
Invented a “type” of photographic process using silver & iodine
LOUIS DAGUERRE
(DAGUERROTYPE)
American fashion photographer
Worked for Vogue
Took the photos for “Observations”, with commentary by Truman Capote
RICHARD AVEDON
American landscape photographer
Shot in black and white
Worked in California, particularly Yosemite National Park (where there is now a mountain named for him)
Director of the Sierra Club
ANSEL ADAMS
American photographer
Shot “Migrant Mother”
Documented Oklahoman migrants in the Depression/Dustbowl
DOROTHEA LANGE
American photographer
Dadaist
Worked in Paris
MAN RAY
EMMANUEL RADNITZKY
American photographer
Ran 291 gallery
Spouse of Georgia O’keeffe
ALFRED STIEGLITZ
American photographer
Worked for Life Magazine
Shot “V-J Day in Times Square”
ALFRED EISENSTAEDT
American photographer
Shoots weimeraners
WILLIAM WEGMAN
American photographer & photojournalist
Took Life Magazine’s first cover photo (Fort Peck Dam)
Interviewed Gandhi
Married writer Erskine Caldwell
MARGARET BOURKE-WHITE
American photographer
Took portraits of celebrities
Worked for Rolling Stone, and later Vanity Fair
Shot Yoko & naked John, Demi Moore’s pregnant nudes, the cover of Springsteen’s “Born in the USA”
ANNIE LIEBOVITZ
American photographer
Shot the cover of Patti Smith’s “Horses”
Worked with nudes
His photos caused Congress to put restrictions on NEA funding
A Cincinnati museum showing his work faced obscenity charges
Died of complications from HIV/AIDS
ROBERT MAPPLETHORPE
American photographer
Documented the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln, and almost every president between J.Q. Adams & McKinley
Shot daguerreotypes
Studied under Samuel Morse
MATHEW BRADY
Pop artist
Used subjects like Campbell’s, Brillo, Coke, Marilyn Monroe, Mao
Used techniques like silkscreen and repetition
Founded “Interview” magazine, aka the “crystal ball of pop”
ANDY WARHOL
Pop artist
Born in Pittsburgh, PA (where there is now a bridge & museum named for him)
Called his NYC studio “The Factory”
Shot (non-fatally) by Valerie Solanas in 1968
ANDY WARHOL
Pop artist
Works include:
8-hour film of Empire State Building
The Velvet Underground & Nico cover (banana)
The Rolling Stones’ Sticky Fingers cover (with zipper)
ANDY WARHOL
American pop artist
Born in Augusta, Georgia
Used Americana imagery, especially the U.S. flag
Famous works include “Three Flags”
Due to timing, many of his works have 48 stars on the flags
JASPER JOHNS
Painted Washington (& the next 5 presidents)
Nicknamed the “father of American portraiture”
Painted the unfinished “Athenaeum Portrait” of Washington, used on the $1 bill & the seal of Washington State
Painted a full length Washington that was saved by Dolley Madison in 1812, which was hung in the East Room
GILBERT STUART
American sculptor & illustrator
Depicted cowboys & native Americans, horses, cavalry, and the Wild West in general
Had a personal relationship with Teddy Roosevelt
Created “The Bronco Buster” in bronze, “Coming Through the Rye”
Did illustrations for Owen Wister
FREDERICK REMINGTON
Flemish Renaissance painter (~1560s)
Patriarch of an art family
Nicknamed “Peasant”
Painted “Peasant Wedding”, “Tower of Babel”, “Beggars”, “Landscape With the Fall of Icarus” (which inspired a W.H. Auden poem)
Inspired a William Carlos Williams poem
PIETER BRUEGEL (THE ELDER)
Flemish painter
Son & brother of famed painters
Nicknamed “Hell” for his dark subject matter
PIETER BRUEGHEL (THE YOUNGER)
Flemish painter
Son & brother of famed painters
Nicknamed “Velvet” for his flowers and soft subjects
JAN BRUEGHEL (THE ELDER)
American folk artist
From Bucks County, Pennsylvania
Quaker minister
Painted “The Peaceable Kingdom”, “Noah’s Ark”
EDWARD HICKS
Illustrator of the Uncle Sam “I Want You” poster
JAMES MONTGOMERY FLAGG
American artist who co-created Batman
BOB KANE
Group depicting gritty daily life in turn-of-the-century New York City
Also known as “The 8”
THE ASHCAN SCHOOL
American artist
“The Migration” series (depicting the Great Migration)
“Toussaint L’Ouverture” series (depicting the Haitian general)
JACOB LAWRENCE
American folk artist
Born Anna Mary Robertson
From Hoosick Falls, New York
Previously a farmer’s wife
Started painting in her late 70s when arthritis made embroidery difficult
Had her first solo show at 80
Died at 101
Painted “The Old Oaken Bucket”, “Over the River to Grandma’s House”
GRANDMA MOSES
American sculptor, patron, and art collector
Founded namesake Manhattan “Museum of American Art”, which performs a biennial survey of U.S. art
Titanic Memorial in Washington, D.C.
GERTRUDE VANDERBILT WHITNEY
(THE WHITNEY MUSEUM)
American cartoonist
Created/developed characters like Bugs Bunny for WB’s Looney Tunes
TAX AVERY
American pop artist
Worked with typography
Created the LOVE statue
Named for his home state
ROBERT INDIANA
American comic strip artist
Created “Miss Peach”, about a teacher, and “Momma”, about a mother named Hobbs
MELL LAZARUS
Archibald Willard’s painting depicting 2 drummers and a fifer
Painted for the U.S. centennial in 1876
Now hangs in Marblehead, Massachusetts’ Abbott Hall
Previously called “Yankee Doodle”
THE SPIRIT OF ‘76
“3-named” American portraitist
Expat who lived in Paris & London
Painted portraits of the wealthy & elite
Created the controversial “Portrait of Madame X”
JOHN SINGER SARGENT
American painter
Lived in Chadds Ford, PA and Cushing, ME
Father N.C. was an illustrator
Siblings Henriette & Carolyn
Son Jamie
“Christina’s World” (Tempera, 1948)
Painted over 200 paintings of PA neighbour Helga (Testorf)
ANDREW WYETH
American pop artist
Inspired by comic strips
Created “Whaam!”, “Look Mickey”, & “Drowning Girl”
ROY LICHTENSTEIN
American feminist artist
Name chosen from her birth city
Created “The Dinner Party”
JUDY CHICAGO
American abstract expressionist
Born in Wyoming
Nicknamed “The Dripper”
Married artist Lee Krasner
Used “action painting” and “drip painting”
Created “Lavender Mist” & “Autumn Rhythm”
Student of Thomas Hart Benton
Had his first solo show at Peggy Guggenheim’s
Played by Ed Harris on film (2000)
JACKSON POLLOCK
American artist
“Arrangement in Grey & Black” (aka “____’s Mother”)
“Arrangement […] no. 2” (depicting Thomas Carlyle)
“Nocturne in Black & Gold”
Moved to England
Often used musical titles
JAMES WHISTLER
American artist
Lived in Stockbridge, MA & Arlington, VT
“Four Freedoms”
“Willie Gillis” series
Covers for the Saturday Evening Post
NORMAN ROCKWELL
American muralist
From Missouri
Great-grandnephew of same-named senator from Missouri
Taught Jackson Pollock
Painted Missouri’s State Capitol and the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library
THOMAS HART BENTON
American artist
Lived in New Mexico
Painted flowers, bones, & landscapes
Married photographer Alfred Stieglitz
GEORGIA O’KEEFFE
Iowan regionalist artist
“American Gothic” (1930), which is currently in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago
GRANT WOOD
American artist
Lived in Prouts Neck, ME
Painted seascapes such as “Fog Warning”
WINSLOW HOMER
American impressionist
Painted “The Cup of Tea” & “The Boating Party”
Painted mothers & children often, though childless
Moved to Paris, was friends with Degas
MARY STEVENSON CASSATT
American artist
Painted “Nighthawks”, “Hotel Window”, “Office At Night”
EDWARD HOPPER
Dutch-American abstract expressionist
Born in Rotterdam
Used “action painting”
Married artist Elaine
WILLEM DE KOONING
American sports artist
Bright & colourful expressionist style
LEROY NEIMAN
American artist & graffiti artist from New York
Haitian father
Played by Jeffrey Wright in Schnabel’s film
JEAN-MICHEL BASQUIAT
American artist
Called himself “Painter of Light” (and trademarked it)
Commercially successful but widely criticized as “kitsch”
THOMAS KINKADE (III)
American sculptor
Created “mobiles” (term coined by Duchamp) & “stabiles” (stationary sculptures)
“Mercury Fountain”
“Josephine Baker” (in wire)
ALEXANDER CALDER
American muralist & graffiti artist
Painted in New York subways
Died of AIDS
KEITH HARING
American artist & naturalist (1785-1851)
Published “Birds of North America”, book of 435 prints with an “Ornithological Biography” companion text
Has a New Orleans Zoo & Park named for him
Namesake of a “Society” founded in 1905 for bird conservation
JOHN JAMES AUDUBON
American glass artist
Blind in one eye
Created “Float Boat”
Born in Washington state
DALE CHIHULY
Madrid museum
Opened 1819, “Royal Museum of Paintings and Sculptures”
Large Velazquez collection, plus Goyas & El Grecos
(MUSEO NACIONAL DE) PRADO
Founded by granddaughters of Peter
Smithsonian design museum
COOPER HEWITT (SMITHSONIAN DESIGN MUSEUM)
Located on Michigan Ave.
Home of American Gothic, La Grande Jatte, Nighthawks
Gene Siskel Film Center
ART INSTITUTE OF CHICAGO
Prize for architecture since 1979, named for Chicago family
$100,000 & a medal based on designs of Louis Sullivan & the motto of Vitruvius
PRITZKER PRIZE
Itlian archtect
Designed many buildings in Florence
Designed the “Duomo” (cathedral) in 1420
Developed linear perspective
FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI
Russian painter
“Blue Rider” (1903)
“Yellow Red Blue” (1925)
Moved to Germany, part of “Blaue Reiter” movement
Eventually joined Bauhaus
Abstract pioneer
WASSILY KANDINSKY
“Father of the Skyscraper”
Chicago School architect
Mentor of F. L. Wright
“Form ever follows function”
Designs used on Pritzker medal
LOUIS SULLIVAN
French post-impressionist
“Bathers at Asnieres”
GEORGES SEURAT
Georges Seurat’s famously painstaking style
POINTILLISM
Location of Georges Seurat’s “Sunday Afternoon” (1886)
ON THE ISLAND OF LA GRANDE JATTE
Baroque sculptor & architect of Rome & the Vatican
1598 - 1680
Worked on St. Peter’s
“Triton Fountain”
GIAN LORENZO BERNINI
Bernini’s fountain representing the Nile, Ganges, Danube, & Plata
FOUR RIVERS
Subject of Bernini’s “Ecstasy of St. ____”
TERESA (of Avila)
Sculptor of:
Medusa bust
David (not that one)
Richelieu bust
Apollo & Daphne
Louis XIV
GIAN LORENZO BERNINI
Short dress adapted from missionary clothing
From the Hawaiian for “cut off”
MUUMUU
Kind of hairnet
Also the protuberance above a turkey’s beak
SNOOD
Flower worn on wrist or pinned to dress
Often a cattleya orchid
CORSAGE
Flower worn on lapel
Often a carnation
From the French, “Buttonhole”
BOUTONNIERE
Undergarment for skirts, such as a crinoline
PETTICOAT
Hoop skirt petticoat, or its horse hair material
CRINOLINE
Weave of alternating Vs in a zigzag
Used in suits and parquet floors
“Fishy”
HERRINGBONE
Jumpsuit with short sleeves and legs
ROMPER
French, “nape”
A knot or bun tied at the back of the neck/head
CHIGNON
British photographer Roger Fenton, one of the first war photographers, covered this conflict of 1854
CRIMEAN WAR
American photographer
Died in 2002
Friend of Richard Gere
Did music videos for Madonna & Michael Jackson
“Leafy” name
HERB RITTS
Robert Capa took a famous photo of a “Falling Soldier” or “Dying Loyalist” in this war
SPANISH CIVIL WAR
Antony Armstrong-Jones, the first Earl of this, was a photographer who married Princess Margaret in 1960 (& divorced her in 1978)
(Earl of) SNOWDON
Aquarelle is a form of this “wet” painting
WATERCOLOUR
Plywood & leather chairs
Designed 1956 by Charles & Ray
EAMES (LOUNGE) CHAIR (& OTTOMAN)
From Latin/Greek for “cuttlefish”
A brown ink that comes from cuttlefish
Indicates aging in photographs (& modern filters)
SEPIA
Canadian-born American architect based in LA
Guggenheim Bilbao (Spain)
“Dancing House”/”Fred & Ginger” (Nationale-Nederlanden building, Prague)
Disney Concert Hall (LA)
“Easy Edges” cardboard furniture
FRANK GEHRY
English pop artist
Painted pools of California
“Peter Getting Out of Nick’s Pool”
“A Bigger Splash”
DAVID HOCKNEY
1960s high boots
Worn by Nancy Sinatra
Share name with a kind of dance & club
GO-GO BOOTS
Necktie
From the French for “Croatian”
CRAVAT
Neck scarf
Named for a British racetrack
ASCOT
Object that secures a tie or an ascot
STICKPIN
Jacket named for an Indian PM
Favored by the Beatles
NEHRU JACKET
16th century Italian style
Means “stylized” - unnatural proportions, e.g. long necks
Tintoretto
“Mind your…”
MANNERISM
1200s Italian sculptor
Pulpit of Pisa
NICOLA PISANO
Italian for “bell tower”
e.g. St. Mark’s in Venice, Tower of Pisa
CAMPANILE
The X-chair/scissor chair is also named for Dante, or this friar of Florence
SAVONAROLA
Iraq-born British architect
1st woman to receive Pritzker (2004)
1st woman to design a U.S. museum (cultural center in Cincinnati)
London Aquatics Center (2012 Olympics)
Guangzhou Opera House
Died 2016
ZAHA HADID
This Italian tire company puts out a yearly calendar of glamour photography also called “The Cal”
PIRELLI
1775-1851
British romantic landscape painter
“Snow Storm: Hannibal & His Army Crossing the Alps” (1812)
“Grand Canal, Venice”
“Rain, Steam, & Speed - the Great Western Railway” (1844)
Namesake of a Tate prize
J(OSEPH) M(ALLORD) W(ILLIAM) TURNER
