Pharynx and Larynx

Question 1

Pharynx Function

Answer 1

• Directs food into esophagus
• conducts air into Larynx and Trachea

Question 2

Three partsof Pharynx

Answer 2

• Nasopharynx
  
  • Respiratory part of pharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharyx

Question 3

Ostium of the Auditory Tube (Pharyngotympanic/Eustacian Tube)

Answer 3

• connects middle ear to nasopharynx
• Torus Tubarius - carilagenous portion Pharyngotympanic tube that extends into nasopharynx

Question 4

Torus Tubarius

Answer 4

• Carilagenous portion of Pharyngotympanic Tube that extends into Nasopharynx

Question 5

Characteristics and Components of Oropharynx

Answer 5

• Palatoglossal arch seperates oropharynx from oral cavity
• Lingual Tonsil
• Palatine Tonsil
• Valleculae

Question 6

Origin of superior constrictor

Answer 6

• Pterygomandibular raphe
• common origin with buccinator muscle

Question 7

Piriform Recess (location)

Answer 7

• outpouching lateral to opening of larynx
• Foreign objects can get lodged here

Question 8

Tonsils are collections of what type of tissue?

Answer 8

• Lymphoid

Question 9

Types of Tonsils

Answer 9

• Pharyngeal tonsils
  
  • at roof of nasopharynx
• Tubal tonsils
  
  • ostium of auditory tube
• Lingual tonsils
  
  • Posterior 1/3 of tongue
• **Palatine tonsils **
  
  • Between pillars of Glossopharyngeal Arches
  • tonsillar fossa

Question 10

Tonsillectomies (removing which tonsil and risks)

Answer 10

• removing palatine tonsils
• Risks
  
  • highly vascularized –> excessive bleeding
  • can damage glossopharyngeal nerve (lingual branch)
    
    • would lead to altered sensation from posterior 1/3 tongue

Question 11

Tonsil Stones

Answer 11

• Calcified collections of cellular debris, bacteria, etc
• Can be cause of bad breath
• ***Only in people with intact palatine tonsils

Question 12

Adenoiditis

Answer 12

• enlarged/inflamed palatine tonsils
• breathing difficulty from blocked Chonae
• chronic blockage of auditory tube –> middle ear infections–> hearing loss

Question 13

Pharyngeal constrictors

Answer 13

• Superior
• Middle
• Inferior

Question 14

Pharyngeal Raphe

Answer 14

• Midline meeting of pharyngeal constrictors
• origin of pharyngeal constrictors

Answer 15

Question 16

Longitudinal Muscles of Pharynx

Answer 16

• Stylopharyngeus
• Palatopharyngeus
  
  • depresses soft palate and narrows pharyngeal inlet
• Salpingopharyngeus
  
  • Salpinx = tube (from auditory tube)

Question 17

Innervation of Pharynx

Answer 17

• Motor
  
  • Vagus Nerve
  • EXCEPT stylopharyngeus…CN IX (3rd arch muscle)
• Sensory
  
  • Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
• both types of nerves come from pharyngeal plexus

Question 18

Tensor Veli Palatini (Function, Innervation, muscle arch origin)

Answer 18

• Closes off oral cavity from nasopharynx when swallowing
• opens auditory tube when yawn/swallow
• Innervation: V3
• 1st arch muscle

Question 19

Levator Veli Palatini

Answer 19

• Elevates soft palate
• closes off nasopharynx from oral cavity
• opens auditory tube
• Innervation: Vagus

Question 20

Palatoglossus Muscle

Answer 20

• Makes palatoglossal arch when covered with mucosa
• Function: depresses soft palate and narrows pharyngeal inelt

Question 21

Laryngeal Folds

Answer 21

• Vestibular Fold - false vocal cord
• Vocal fold - true vocal fold
  
  • contains vocal ligament

Question 22

Spaces of Interior of Larynx

Answer 22

• Vestibule
  
  • entrance to larynx
  • superior to vestibular folds
• Ventricle
  
  • space between vestibular and vocal folds
• Glottis
  
  • vocal cords and space between true vocal cods

Question 23

Laryngeal Cartilages

Answer 23

• Thyroid Cartilage
  
  • Laryngeal prominence
  • Thyroid notch
  • connected to hyoid by thyrohyoid membrane
• Cricoid Cartilage
  
  • connected to thyroid by cricothyroid membrane

Question 24

Cricothyrotomy

Answer 24

• establish emergency airway if other methods dont work
• cut made through skin and cricothyroid membrane

Question 25

Arytenoid cartilages

Answer 25

* 2 of them * have **anterior muscular process** and **anterior vocal process** * **Vocal cords** run from **vocal process** to **inner surface** **of thyroid cartilage**

Question 26

Epiglottis

Answer 26

* Seperated from tongue via **valleculae** * connects to **arytenoid cartilage** via **aryepiglottic folds**

Question 27

Larynx structures Picture

Answer 27

Question 28

Laryngeal Membranes Picture

Answer 28

Question 29

Functions of Larynx

Answer 29

1. Close laryngeal Inlet to keep food out of airway 2. Move vocal cords

Question 30

Laryngeal Muscles

Answer 30

* **Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscles** * open airway * **abduct vocal cords\*\*\*\*\*** * **Oblique and transverse arytenoid muscles** * close airway, move vocal cords together * **Cricothyroid -** stretch vocal cords * **Lateral cricoarytenoid -** adduct cords * **Vocalis -** fine adjustments of vocal cords

Question 31

CN IX Glossopharyngeal

Answer 31

Question 32

Innervation of Larynx

Answer 32

* **Sensory:** Vagus * **Internal laryngeal ** - above vocal cords * **Recurrent laryngeal -** below vocal cords * **Motor:** Vagus * EXCEPT **cricothyroid** which gets from **recrurrent laryngeal** * **Visceral Sensory -** CN IX *

Question 33

Vagus Nerve Damage

Answer 33

* **Recurrent Laryngeal Damage** - hoarseness, lose of voice * **Internal laryngeal Damage** - loss of cough reflex