Head and Neck 4

Question 1

Parts of Scalp

Answer 1

1. Skin
2. Connective Tissue (dense)
   
   1. Arteries, veins, nerves here
3. Aponeurosis
   
   1. Frontalis & Occipitalis muscles
4. Loose connective tissue
   
   1. Infections spread through here
5. Pericranium
   
   1. External part of periosteum

• 1, 2, 3 are scalp proper, torn away in scalp injuries

Question 2

Bones of Skull

Answer 2

1. Compact bone at internal & external tables
2. Diploe - Spongy (Cancellous) bone in between tables

Question 3

Veins of Skull

Answer 3

1. Diploic veins - Veins inside Calvaria
2. Emissary veins - veins connecting dural venous sinuses to veins outside cranium
   
   1. valveless
   2. flow in to out

Question 4

Innervation of the Scalp

Answer 4

1. Trigeminal Nerve
   
   1. V1
      
      1. Supraorbital
      2. Supratrochlear
   2. V2
      
      1. Zygomaticotemporal
   3. V3
      
      1. Auricotemporal
2. Cervical Nerves
   
   1. Greater Occipital
   2. Lesser Occipital
   3. Least Occipital
   4. Greater Auricular

Question 5

Cervical Nerves and Spinal Segment Origin

Answer 5

1. Greater Occipital - Dorsal C2
2. Lesser Occipital - Dorsal C2
3. Least Occipital - Ventral C2
4. Greater Auricular - Ventral C2 - C3

Question 6

Vasculature of Scalp

Answer 6

• Internal Carotid Artery
  
  • Opthalmic Artery
    
    • Supratrochlear
    • Supraorbital
• External Carotid Artery
  
  • Posterior Auricular
  • Occipital
  • Superficial Temporal

Question 7

Meninges of Brain

Answer 7

1. Dura Mater
2. Arachnoid Mater
3. Pia Mater

Question 8

Dura mater

Answer 8

• Periosteal Layer
  
  • Continuous with Periosteum of skull through foramen magnum
• Meningeal Layer
  
  • Continuous with spinal dura mater through foramen magnum

Question 9

Partitions of the Dura

Answer 9

• Falx Cerebri
  
  • Vertical between right and left cerebral hemispheres
• Tentorium cerebelli
  
  • Horizontal between cerebrum and cerebellum
• Falx cerebelli
  
  • Vertical between cerebellar hemispheres
• Diaphragma sellae
  
  • Horizontal over hypophoseal fossa

Question 10

Arterial supply of Dura Mater

Answer 10

• Anterior meningeal arteries
• Middle meningeal artery
  
  • largest
  • from **Maxillary artery **
  • supplies bone, dura mater, bone marrow
  • passes through foramen spinosum into cranial cavity
• Posterior meningeal artery

Question 11

Innervation of Dura Mater

Answer 11

• V1
  
  • Anterior cranial dura mater
  • Falx Cerebri
  • tentorium cerebelli
• V2-V3
  
  • middle cranial dura mater
• X and C1-C3
  
  • posterior cranial dura mater

Question 12

Arachnoid Mater

Answer 12

• Trabeculae cross subarachnoid space and becomes continuous with pia mater

Question 13

Pia Mater

Answer 13

• Shrink wrapped to brain
• Leptomeninges

Question 14

Where is CSF contained

Answer 14

Subdural space

Question 15

Where does CSF go

Answer 15

• Back to venous system via arachnoid granulations (bundles of arachnoid villi)