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Anatomy > Muscles of Back and Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Muscles of Back and Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Regions of Vertebral Column

A
  1. Cervical (7)
  2. Thoracic (12)
  3. Lumbar (5)
  4. Sacral (5)
  5. Coccygeal (4)
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2
Q

Functions of Vertebral Column

A
  1. Support body weight
  2. Posture and Locomotion
  3. rigid/flexible body axis
  4. protect spinal cord and spinal nerves
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3
Q

Numbers of each of spinal nerves

A

8 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

1 coccygeal

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4
Q

Where do spinal nerves arise from?

A

Ventral and Dorsal Roots

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5
Q

Ventral Root Function

A

convey motor (efferent) fibers FROM spinal cord

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6
Q

Dorsal Root Function

A

convey afferent (sensory) fibers TO spinal cord

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7
Q

Spinal nerve precursor and post-cursor

A
  1. Dorsal/ventral root
  2. spinal nerve
  3. dorsal/ventral rami
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8
Q

Innervations of dorsal ramus

A

1) true back muscles
2) synovial joints of vertebral column
3) overlying skin

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9
Q

Innervations of Ventral ramus

A

upper and lower extremities of anterio-lateral body wall

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10
Q

Curvatures of Vertebral Column

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Thoracic
  3. Lumbar
  4. Sacral
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11
Q

Primary curvatures

A

1) Thoracic
2) Sacral
* curves are in same direction as fetal column

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12
Q

Reason for primary curvature direction

A

difference between posterior and anterior parts of vertebrate

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13
Q

Secondary curvatures

A

1) Cervical
2) Lumbar
* curve is opposite to direction in fetal column

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14
Q

How Cervical curvature arises

A

when infant holds its head erect

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15
Q

How Lumbar curvature arises

A

when infant begins to walk

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16
Q

Reason for secondary curvature direction

A

height difference between posterior and anterior intervertebral discs

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17
Q

Kyphosis

A

accentuated thoracic curvature

18
Q

Lordosis

A

accentuated Lumbar curvature

19
Q

Scoliosis

A
  • Lateral curvature
  • rotation of vertebrae
20
Q

Joints of vertebral column

A
  1. intervertebral discs
  2. facet (zygapophysial) joints
21
Q

IV Discs characteristics

A
  • cartilaginous
  • designed for weight bearing and strength
22
Q

Anatomy of intervertebral disc

A
  • Annulus fibrosus - inner conentric fibrocartilage layers adhering to vertebral bodies
  • Nucleus Pulposus - outer shock absorber; high water content
  • water content subject to pressure applies
23
Q

Function of facet joints

A
  • small amount gliding between adjacent vertebrae
  • collectively large amount motion
24
Q

Things that influence movements of vertebral column

A
  1. tension of joint
  2. IV disc compressibility
  3. resistance of surrounding muscles/ligaments
  4. shape/orientation of facet joints
25
Q

Ligaments of vertebral column

A
  1. Ligamentum flavum
  2. Supraspinous ligament
  3. Interspinous ligament
  4. Intertransverse ligament
  5. Anterior longitudinal ligament
  6. Posterior longitudinal ligament
26
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • unites anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies
  • prevents hyperextension
27
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A
  • unites posterior surface of vertebral body
  • located on inside of vertebral canal
28
Q

Supraspinous ligament

A

connects spinous process from sacrum to C7

29
Q

Ligamentum Nuchae

A
  • neck ligament
  • attachment for cervical muslces
30
Q

Interspinous ligament

A

join adjacent spinous processes

31
Q

Intertransverse Ligament

A

join adjacent transverse processes

32
Q

Ligamentum Flavum

A
  • join adjacent lamina of vertebrae
  • prevent hyperflexion
33
Q

Superficial back muscles

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Latissimus Dorsi
  3. Levator Scapulae
34
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Origin: Spinous process of 6 thoracic vertebrae, throacolumbar fascia, iliac crest

Insertion: intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Action: extends, adducts, medially rotates humerus

Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

35
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: External occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T12

Insertion: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Action: Elevates, rotates, retracts scapula (shurgs)

Innervation:

motor - spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

sensory- C30C4

36
Q

Intermeida Muscles of Back

A
  1. Serratus Posterior inferior
  2. Serratus posterior superior
37
Q

Deep back muscles

A
  1. Splenius (superficial)
  2. Erector Spinae Complex (intermediate)
  3. Transversospinalis complex (deep)
38
Q

What are all deep back muscles innervated by?

A

Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

39
Q

Splenius Muscles

A
  1. Splenius Capitis and cervicis

Action: neck extension and ipsilaterall rotation

Innervation: dorsal rami

Covers suboccipital triangle

40
Q

Erector Spinae Complex

A
  1. Iliocostalis
  2. Longissimus
  3. Spinalis

Action: Spine extension, lateral flexion, controlled forward flexion

41
Q

Transversospinalis

A
  1. Semispinalis
  2. Multifidus
  3. Rotatores

Action: Posture, rotation, proprioception

42
Q
A

Anatomy (18 decks)

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