Nose, Nasal Cavity and Palate

Question 1

What seperates nasal cavity from nasal pharynx?

Answer 1

Choanae (in posterior of nasal cavity)

Question 2

Piriform Apterture

Answer 2

Surrounded by

• Maxillae
  
  • Anterior nasal spine
• Nasal Bones

Question 3

Components of External Nose

Answer 3

• Ala (wing)
• Dorsum
• Nares (nostrils)

Question 4

Nasal Cartilages

Answer 4

• Lateral
• Septal
• Alar

Question 5

Nasal Cavity

Answer 5

Question 6

Parts of Nasal Septum

Answer 6

• Bony septum
  
  • Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
  • Vomer
• Cartilagenous septum
  
  • between vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid

Question 7

Structures of Lateral Nasal Wall

Answer 7

• Conchae (turbinates)
• Meatuses (meati)

Question 8

Conchae

Answer 8

• Turbinates
• Scrolls of bone in nasal cavity
• Superior and Middle are from ethmoid bone
• Inferior is a seperate bone

Question 9

Meatus

Answer 9

• Airways below turbinates/conhae
• Superior
• Middle
• Inferior

Question 10

Sphenoethmoidal Recess and what opens here

Answer 10

• superior to superior turbinate
• Sphenoid sinus opens here

Question 11

Features of the Middle Meatus

Answer 11

• Ethmoid Bulla
• Semilunar Hiatus
  
  • opening of Frontal and Maxillary sinuses

Question 12

Features of Inferior Meatus

Answer 12

Nasolacrimal Duct

Question 13

Paranasal Sinuses

Answer 13

• Frontal
• Maxillary
• Ethmoidal
• Sphenoid

Question 14

Where does Ethmoidal sinus open into?

Answer 14

Middle and superior meatuses

Question 15

Maxillary Sinusitis

Answer 15

• Inflammation of mucosa of maxillary sinus percieved as dental pain
• Infraorbital nerve (V2) runs across roof of sinus
• give off branches that enter roots of teeth
• so inflamed mucosa can impinge on these nerves

Question 16

Anterior Nasal Sensation

Answer 16

• V1–> Nasocilliary Nerve –> Anterior ethmoidal nerve –> anterior and lateral septal nerves and
• External nasal nerve
  
  • Supplies dorsum and tip of nose
  • damanged in nasal bone fractures

Question 17

Posterior Nasal Sensation

Answer 17

• V2 –> Sphenopalatine –> Posterior lateral nasal nerve and Nasopalatine Nerve
  
  • passes through incisive canal to supply the anterior palate

Question 18

Olfactory Nerve (CN I)

Answer 18

• Special Sensory - Smell
• Cells located at roof of nasal cavity
• Fibers enter cranial cavity via cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
• synapse in olfactory bulb, becomes olfactory tract

Question 19

Arterial Supply of Nose

Answer 19

• Sphenopalatine artery
  
  • from maxillary artery
  • through sphenopalatine foramen
• Ethmoidal artery
  
  • from opthalmic artery
  • through anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina

Question 20

Nose bleeds (Epistaxis)

Answer 20

• Anterior septum is highly vascularized
• Kiesselbach’s Area - common site for nosebleeds

Question 21

Nasal Fractures

Answer 21

• Common
• Severe fractures –> Cribiform Plate of Ethmoid
  
  • if Meninges tears, can result in
    
    • CSF leakage (CSF Rhi norrhea)
    • Meningitis
• Damage of External Nasal Nerve can also occur

Question 22

Deviated Septum

Answer 22

• May block passage of air through side of nasal cavity

Question 23

Pterygopalatine Fossa

Answer 23

• Space between posterior Maxillary and Pterygoid plate of Sphenoid
• Lateral entrance is through pterygomaxillary fissure

Question 24

Contents of Pterygopalatine Fossa

Answer 24

• Branches of V2
• Nerve of Pterygoid Canal
• Pterygopalatine ganglion
• branches of maxillary artery

Question 25

V2 Branches in Pterygopalatine Fossa

Answer 25

* enters **foramen rotundum** and branches into: * Zygomatic Nerve * Infraorbital Nerve * Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve * Sphenopoalatine Nerve * Greater/Lesser Palatine * Pharyngeal Nerve

Question 26

Vidian's Nerve (Nerve of Pterygoid Canal)

Answer 26

* unoin of **sympathetic** and **parasympthetic** * **Sympathetic** * postganglionic * **Deep Petrosal Nerve** * from Carotid Plexus (Sympathetic Trunk) * **Parasympathetic** * preganglionic * **Greater Petrosal Nerve (CN VII)** * synapse in **pterygopalatine ganglion** * hitchhike on branches of V2

Question 27

What does Maxillary Artery enter pterygopalatine fossa through?

Answer 27

* Pterygomaxillary fissure * Branches and follows V2

Question 28

Part of Palate

Answer 28

* Hard Palate * maxilla bone * Incisive fossa * Alveolar proceesses hold teeth * palatine bone * Greater/Lesser palatine foramina * Soft Palate * muscles/aponeuroses

Question 29

Characteristics of Palatine Mucosa

Answer 29

* Covers hard and soft palate * **Ruggae** - anterior part; transverse folds * **Raphe -** central longitudinal ridge * **Incisive Papilla** - over incisive fossa

Question 30

Soft Palate Fucntion and Structures

Answer 30

* **Function:** Close off nasopharynx from oral cavity/oropharynx * prevents food from entering nasal cavity during swallowing * needed to speak clearly, not needed to swallow * **Structures:** Uvula hangs from posterior edge

Question 31

Sensory Nerves from the Palate

Answer 31

* **Somatic Sensory V2** * **Nasopalatine Nerve** * **Greater Palatine Nerve** * **Lesser palatine Nerve** * **Taste** * Taste buds supplied by **CN VII**

Question 32

Blood Supply to Palate

Answer 32

* **Greater** and **Lesser Palatine Arteries** * From Maxillary Artery