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Question 1

Internal “Epidural” Venous Plexus

Answer 1

• Drains blood from surface of spinal cord and Basilateral vein (from vertebral body)
• neither of these have valves
• tributaries with veins in pelvis and thoracic wall
• communicates with veins in cranial cavity

Question 2

Membranes surrounding spinal cord

Answer 2

• Dura Mater
• Arachnoid Mater
• Pia Mater

Question 3

Subarachnoid Space

Answer 3

• Space beneath arachnoid mater containing 1) spinal cord 2) spinal nerve roots 3) dorsal ganglia

Question 4

Epidural Space

Answer 4

• Contains adipose tissue and Internal venous plexus

Question 5

Types of vessels needed for spinal cord perfusion

Answer 5

• Longitudinal
• Feeder (enter IV foramen)

Question 6

Longitudinal Vessels

Answer 6

• 1 anterior spinal artery
• 2 posterior spinal arteries

Question 7

Spinal arteries

Answer 7

• arise from posterior intercostal arteries
• enter IV foramen

Question 8

Radicular arteries

Answer 8

• Arise from spinal arteries
• perfuse dorsal and ventral roots

Question 9

Segmental medullary arteries

Answer 9

• Large spinal arteries
• merge with and reinforce longitudinal spinal arteries

Question 10

Posterior intercostal arteries

Answer 10

• from aorta
• give rise to spinal arteries

Question 11

Path to dorsal/ventral root perfusion

Answer 11

Aorta –>Posterior intercostal artery–>spinal artery–> radicular artery

OR

Aorta–>Posterior intercostal artery–>segmental medullary artery–>longitudinal spinal arteries (anterior and posterior)

Question 12

Great anterior segmental artery

Answer 12

• “Artery of Adamiewicz”
• largest segmental medullary artery
• rises from lower intercostals
• reinforces 2/3 of cord circulation

Question 13

Things vertebral canal houses

Answer 13

• Meninges
• spinal cord

Question 14

Number of pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 14

31

Question 15

spinal cord is continuation of…

Answer 15

medulla oblongata

Question 16

length of spinal cord

Answer 16

base of skull to ~L2

Question 17

proportion of vertebral canal occupied by spinal cord

Answer 17

2/3

Question 18

longest nerve roots (and reason)

Answer 18

• Lumar and sacral/coccygeal
• bony vertebrae grow faster than nerves

Question 19

Conus medullaris

Answer 19

Tapered end of spinal cord (~ L2)

Question 20

internal filium terminale

Answer 20

extends from end of conus medullaris to interior end of dural sac

Question 21

external filium medullaris

Answer 21

extends from edge of dural sac to sacrum and provides stability to spinal cord

Question 22

Two spinal cord enlargements

Answer 22

1. Cervical enlargement - innervates upper limbs
2. Lumbosacral enlargement - innervates lower limbs

Question 23

Cauda Equina

Answer 23

• nerve roots from sacral and lumbar roots extending to their appropriate vertebrae

Question 24

Dural Sleeve

Answer 24

• lateral extension of dura mater/dural sac along ventral and dorsal roots

Question 25

Recurrent meningeal nerves

Answer 25

convey sensory informaiton from dura mater to spinal cord

Question 26

Arachnoid mater

Answer 26

• encloses spinal cord, spinal nerve roots, dorsal root ganglion
• held against inner surface of dura mater via pressure from CSF