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Anatomy > Orbit and Eye > Flashcards

Orbit and Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of Orbit

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Zygyomatic
  3. Maxillary
  4. Lacrimal
  5. Ethmoid
  6. Palatine
  7. Sphenoid
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2
Q

Structures passing through Optic Canal

A
  1. CN II
  2. Opthalmic artery
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3
Q

Structures through Superior Orbital Fissure

A
  1. CN III
  2. CN IV
  3. CN V1
  4. CN VI
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4
Q

Structures through Inferior orbita fissure & infraorbital groove

A
  1. Infraorbital nerve
  2. Infraorbital vessels
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5
Q

Strucutres through Anterior & Posterior Ethmoidal Foramina

A
  • Ant/Post ethmoidal nerves
  • Ant./Post Ethmoidal vessels
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6
Q

Components of Eyelid

A
  • Skin
  • Subcutaneous tissue
  • Levator Palpebrae Superioris
  • Orbital Septum
  • Tarsus
    • contain Meibomian (tarsal) glands
    • superior/inferior tarsus muscle
  • Conjunctiva
    • Thin membrane covering inner eyelid
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7
Q

Branches of V1

A
  • Frontal
  • Supratrochlear
  • Supraorbital
  • Lacrimal
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8
Q

Terminal ganglion of V1 and location

A

Gasserian/Semi-lunar ganglion in Meckel’s Cave

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9
Q

Pathway of tears from lacrimal gland

A

Lacrimal glands–>surface of cornea–>lacrimal canaliculi –> lacrimal sac–> nasolacrimal duct

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10
Q

Innervation of Lacrimal Gland

A
  • _General Sensory _
    • Lacrimal Nerve (Branch of V1)
  • Parasympathetic
    • Greater Petrosal Nerve (branch of VII) via **V1 **
  • _Sympathetic _
    • **Deep Petrosal Nerve **(branch of Carotid Plexus) via V1
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11
Q

Path of parasympathetic innervation of Lacrimal Gland

A

VII –> Greater Petrosal Nerve –> Pterygoid canal –> Pterygopalatine ganglion –> Zygomaticotemporal nerve of V2 –> Lacrimal nerve of V1 —> Lacrimal Gland

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12
Q

Path of Sympathetic Innervation of Lacrimal Gland

A

Carotid Plexus –> Deep Petrosal nerve –> pterygoid canal –> pterygoid ganglion –> Zygomaticotemporal nerve of V2 –> Lacrimal Nerve of V1 –> Lacrimal Nerve of V1

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13
Q

Branches of V1 Nerve

A
  • Frontal
  • Supratrochlear
  • Lacrimal
  • Supraorbital
  • Nasociliary Nerve
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14
Q

Branches of Nasociliary Nerve

A
  • Long ciliary
  • Short Ciliary
  • Anterior ethmoidal
  • Posterior ethmoidal
  • Infra-trochlear
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15
Q

Optic Nerve (II)

A
  • Origin: Lateral Geniculate Body
  • Course: Left and Right Optic Tracts cross and travel through optic canal
  • Components: Special Sensory
  • Ganglion:“Ganglion cells” of Retina (cell bodies here)`a
  • Function: Vision
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16
Q

Incyclotorsion and what mediated by

A

Depression, abduction, and medial rotation

  • Mediated by **Superior Oblique **
17
Q

Excyclotorsion and mediated by what muscle

A

Elevation, abduction, lateral rotation

  • Mediated by Inferior Oblique
18
Q

Superior Rectus

A
  • Elevation and Adduction
  • Innervated by III (Superior division)
19
Q

Inferior Rectus

A
  • Depression and Adduction
  • Innervated by III (Inferior division)
20
Q

Superior Oblique

A
  • Depression and Abduction
  • Incyclotorsion
  • Innervated by IV (Trochlear)
  • Goes through Trochlea (pulley system)
21
Q

Inferior Oblique

A
  • Elevates and Abducts
  • Innervated by III (Inferior division)
  • Excyclotorsion
22
Q

Lateral Rectus

A
  • Abducts eye
  • Innervated by VI (Abducens)
23
Q

Medial Rectus

A
  • Adducts eye
  • Innervated by III (Inferior division)
24
Q

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

A
  • Elevates eyelid
  • Innervated by III (Superior Division)
25
Q

Occulomotor Nerve (III)

A

Origin: Oculomotor nucleus (Somatic Motor) & E-W nucleus (para visc. motor)

Course: Post. Cranial foss –> mid cranial fossa –> Cavernous sinus –>superior orbital fissure

Branches: Superior & Inferior Division

Components: Somatic motor & parasympathetic

Ganglion: Ciliary

Distribution: All eye muscles except Superior Oblique and Lateral Rectus

Function: eye movements, 2 smooth muscles

***sympathetics from symp. trunk travel w/ III to reach eye

26
Q

What nerve and type of nerve synapses in cilliary ganglion?

A

Parasympathetic of III

  • all other nerves pass through cilliary ganglion but do not synapse
27
Q

Trochlear Nerve (IV)

A

Origin: Trochlear Nucleus

Course: Middle cranial fossa –> Cavernous sinus –> Superior orbital fissure

Components: Somatic motor

Ganglion: [NONE]

Distribution: Superior Oblique muscle

Function: Eye movement

****is only cranial nerve to emerge from brainstem…longest intracranial course and susceptible to damage from blunt trauma

28
Q

Abducens (VI)

A

Origin: Pons

Course: Post. cranial fossa –> middle cranial fossa –> cavernous sinus –> SOF

Components: Somatic Motor

Ganglion: [NONE]

Distribution: Lateral Rectus Muscle

Funciton: Eye movement

29
Q

Structures of Superior Orbital Fissure

A
  • Outside Tendinous Ring (Made by eye muscles)…LOFT
    • Lacrimal of V1
    • Opthalmic vein
    • Frontal of V1
    • Trochlear (III)
  • Inside Tendinous RIng…*NC 36*
    • IV
    • VI
    • Nasocilliary of V1
30
Q

Layers of Eyeball

A
  • Outer Layer
    • Sclera
    • Cornea
  • Middle Layer
    • Choroid
    • Cilliary Body
      • adjusts shape of lens
    • Iris
  • Retina
31
Q

Chambers of Eyeball

A
32
Q

Retina

A
  • Optic Disc
    • location where blood vessels leave retina
    • blind spot; not rods/cones there
    • lighter than surrounding retina
  • Macula lutea
    • thinnest area of retina
    • few rods, more cones
    • highly sensitive to light
    • “yellow spot”
33
Q
A
34
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the Eye

A
  • Ciliary Muscle
    • Constricts cilliary body
    • Innervated by III
  • Spincter pupillae
    • circularly arranged
    • innervated by III
    • constricts pupil
  • Dialator pupillae
    • radially arranged
    • innervated by sympathetics
    • dilates pupil

Anatomy (18 decks)

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