PHARMACY REVIEW Flashcards
Who can issue prescription drugs?
Written by an accredited authorized provider.
Controlled substances are ordered with what form?
DD 1289
what other form can non controlled meds be ordered on?
poly-prescription NAVMED 6710/6
what information is required to be written on a prescription?
patients full name date prescription written age or date of birth full name of drug, form of drug, dosage size or strength quantity dispensed signa (patient directions no abbreviations) provider signature refill authorization
Can an IDC refill controlled drugs?
NO
define pharmacokinetic
activities of the drug after it enters the body. Includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
Define bioavailability
the percentage of the drug dose that reaches the systemic circulation
What factors alter bioavailability?
drug form route changes in liver metabolism GI mucosa and motality food and drugs solubility
A patient with what condition may require a lower dose of a medication?
Liver disease
define pharmacodynamics and the two effects
the drugs actions and effect within the body
- primary or desired effect
- secondary or side effects; desired or undesired
Define Physical Dependence
a compulsive need to use a substance repeatedly to AVOID mild to severe withdrawal symtpoms
What is an Agonist
Drug that binds with a receptor to produce the
therapeutic response
What is Antagonist
Drug binds to receptor stronger than the
agonist thus producing no pharmacologic effect
What is a cumulative drug effect
A drug effect that occurs when the body has
not fully metabolized a dose of a drug before the next dose is given.
Describe an additive drug effect
when the combined
effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone.
Describe synergism
when drugs produce an effect that is greater than the sum of their separate actions.
Which factors affect the influence of a drug effect
- Age
- Weight
- Gender
- Disease
- Route of administration
- Drug use and pregnancy (CAT A+B safe)
What are the main routes of drug administration?
Oral
Parenteral
Skin/Mucus membrane
What are the routes within Oral administration?
Nasogastric
Buccal
Sublingual
What are the routes within Parenteral administration?
Subcutaneous
Intramuscular
Intravenous
Intradermal
What are the routes within skin/mucus membrane administration?
Topical
Transdermal
Inhalation
Which administration route offers an almost immediate effect
IV
Which route of administration offers a systemic effect
Transdermal
Which route of administration offers a LOCAL effect on the lungs
inhalation
What action does sedatives and hypnotics have?
Long Lasting BARBITURATES
- Anti Convulsive
- Depress CNS
- Produces drowsiness, sedation, and hypnosis
What is an important patient education for Barbiturates
Educate on the effect of alcohol and medications
What is an example of Bariturates?
Phenobarbital
Anti-anxiety drugs can be separated in what subcategories
Benzodiazepines
Non- Benzodiazepines
Give examples of benzodiazepines
End in PAM
- Alprazolam
- Diazepam
- Lorazepam
Give examples of non-benzodiazepams
- Hydroxyzine
- Sertraline (SSRI)- may be used long term
What are the subclasses of Anti-Depressants
TCA’s
MAOI’s
SSRI’s
SNRI’s
What are the 1st generation Anti-depressants
TCA
MAOI
What are the 2nd generation Anit-depressants
SSRI
What is the action of SSRI’s
Increases serotonin by inhibiting neuron al uptake to the CNS
Contraindications of TCA’s
co-administration with or within 14 days of MAOI’s
Contraindications of MAOI’s
- can cause serotonin syndrome
- diet high in red wine or smoked meats/cheese
- CHF
Contraindications of Wellbutrin
contraindicated in patients with a seizure disorder
what is an important patient education piece with Sertaline (SSRI) used with a MAOI
may result in a fatal reaction (serotonin syndrome)
What is your first line Anti-depressant medications
SSRI
What are some examples of SSRI’s
Mostly end in “ine”
- Fluoxetine
- Sertraline
- Paroxetine
- Citalopram
What is the action of Anti-psychotics
- block dopamine receptors in the brain**
- also alter dopamine release and turnover
What are adverse effects of Anit-psychotics
Anticholinergic- dry mouth, hypotension, sedation, photophobia, photosensativity, and headache
What as an example of Anti-psychiotics
Haloperidol
What are amphetamines used for
treatment of Narcolepsy and ADHD
