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Surface Force IDC > A+P 1.1 > Flashcards

A+P 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

DEFINE anatomy

A

The science of structure and the relationships among structures of the human body.

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2
Q

DEFINE physiology

A

The science of body functions, that is, how the body parts work.

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3
Q

DEFINE how body systems relate to one another

A 
Smallest to largest:
chemical
cellular
tissue
organ
system
organismal
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4
Q

The Chemical level

A

Atoms: smallest unit of matter

Molecules: two or more atoms joined together

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5
Q

The Cellular level

A
  • Molecules combine to form structures (cells)

- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of an organism

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6
Q

Name organelles contained in cells

A

Nucleus, Mitochondria, Lysosomes

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7
Q

Tissue Level

A

Groups of cells join together to from tissues that work together to perform a particular function

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8
Q

4 Basic types of tissue found in the body

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous

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9
Q

Organ Level

A

Tissues join together to form body structures.

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10
Q

System Level

A

consists of related organs that have a common function.

-Organs form systems

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11
Q

Organismal Level

A

all systems of the body that combine to form the human organism

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12
Q

Which system helps eliminate waste

A

Digestive

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13
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of relatively stable conditions

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14
Q

Homeostasis is mainly controlled by what systems

A

Nervous and Endocrine

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15
Q

Homeostasis : Nervous system function

A

detects changes and sends messages to organs to counteract the change

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16
Q

Homeostasis: Endocrine system

A

corrects changes by secreting hormones into the blood

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17
Q

Define feedback system

A

a cycle of events in whish a condition in the body is continually monitored, evaluated, and changed

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18
Q

Stimulus

A

any disruption that causes a change in a controlled condition

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19
Q

Stimuli from external environment

A

intense heat or lack of oxygen

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20
Q

stimuli from internal environment

A

blood glucose level too low

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21
Q

physiological stimuli

A

demands of work and school

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22
Q

3 components of feedback system

A

receptor, control center, effector

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23
Q

Receptor

A

monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends information called input to control center

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24
Q

control center

A

evaluates the input it receives from receptors and generates output commands

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25
Q

effector

A

body structure the receives output commands and produces a response that changes the controlled condition

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26
Q

Negative feedback system

A

reverses a change in a controlled condition in order to maintain homeostasis
**most feedback systems in the body are negative

27
Q

Positive Feedback system

A

strengthens/reinforces a change in a controlled condition

28
Q

examples of positive feedback system

A

childbirth, ovulation, blood clotting

29
Q

two terms of a reclining body

A

prone, supine

30
Q

Prone position

A

body lying face down

31
Q

Supine position

A

body is lying face up

32
Q

Major body regions

A

Head, neck, trunk, upper limbs, lower limbs

33
Q

Superior

A

(cephalic or cranial) toward the head, or upper part of structure

34
Q

Inferior

A

(caudal) away from the head or lower part of the structure

35
Q

Anterior

A

(ventral) nearer to or at the front of the body

36
Q

Posterior

A

(dorsal) nearer to or at the back of the body

37
Q

Medial

A

nearer to the midline or midsagittal plane (trunk, head)

38
Q

Lateral

A

farther from midline or midsagittal plane (trunk, head)

39
Q

Proximal

A

nearer to the attachment point of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the point of origin

40
Q

Distal

A

farther from the attachment point of a limb to the trunk; farther from the point of origin

41
Q

Superficial

A

toward or on the surface of the body

42
Q

Deep

A

away from the surface of the body

43
Q

4 major planes

A

sagittal, frontal, transverse, oblique

44
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Vertical plane that divides body or organ into right and left sides

45
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

equal right and left sides

46
Q

parasagittal plane

A

unequal right and left sides

47
Q

Frontal Plane (coronal)

A

divides the body or organ into front and back (anterior and posterior)

48
Q

Transverse plane

A

divides the boy or organ into upper and lower (superior and inferior)

49
Q

Oblique plane

A

passes through the body or organ at an angle

50
Q

Name the principle body cavities

A

cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic

51
Q

cranial cavity

A

formed by the cranial bones and contains the brain

52
Q

vertebral canal

A

formed by the bones of the vertebral column and contains spinal cord

53
Q

thoracic cavity

A

contains the heart, great blood vessels, and lungs. has 3 smaller cavities

54
Q

3 smaller cavities of thoracic cavity

A

pericardial, pleural cavities, mediastinum

55
Q

pericardial cavity

A

fluid filled space that surrounds the heart

56
Q

pleural cavities

A

each of which surrounds one lung and contains a small amount of fluid

57
Q

mediastinum cavity

A

central portion of the thoracic cavity; contains esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels

58
Q

Diaphragm

A

dome shaped muscle that powers breathing and separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

59
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

extends from diaphragm to the groin; separated into two portions although no wall separates them

60
Q

Abdominal cavity (upper portion)

A

contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of large intestine

61
Q

Pelvic Cavity (lower portion)

A

contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestines, and internal organs of reproductive system

62
Q

Serous membranes

A

found in large body cavities; thin double layered membrane that covers viscera and lines the walls of thorax and abdomen

63
Q

serous membrane layers

A

parietal : lines the walls of the cavities

Visceral: covers and adheres to the viscera (organs) within the cavities

64
Q

serous membrane names

A

pleural cavity = pleura
pericardial cavity = pericardium
abdominal cavity = peritoneum

Surface Force IDC (26 decks)

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