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Surface Force IDC > A+P 1.1 > Flashcards

A+P 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

DEFINE anatomy

A

The science of structure and the relationships among structures of the human body.

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2
Q

DEFINE physiology

A

The science of body functions, that is, how the body parts work.

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3
Q

DEFINE how body systems relate to one another

A 
Smallest to largest:
chemical
cellular
tissue
organ
system
organismal
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4
Q

The Chemical level

A

Atoms: smallest unit of matter

Molecules: two or more atoms joined together

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5
Q

The Cellular level

A
  • Molecules combine to form structures (cells)

- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of an organism

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6
Q

Name organelles contained in cells

A

Nucleus, Mitochondria, Lysosomes

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7
Q

Tissue Level

A

Groups of cells join together to from tissues that work together to perform a particular function

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8
Q

4 Basic types of tissue found in the body

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous

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9
Q

Organ Level

A

Tissues join together to form body structures.

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10
Q

System Level

A

consists of related organs that have a common function.

-Organs form systems

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11
Q

Organismal Level

A

all systems of the body that combine to form the human organism

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12
Q

Which system helps eliminate waste

A

Digestive

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13
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of relatively stable conditions

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14
Q

Homeostasis is mainly controlled by what systems

A

Nervous and Endocrine

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15
Q

Homeostasis : Nervous system function

A

detects changes and sends messages to organs to counteract the change

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16
Q

Homeostasis: Endocrine system

A

corrects changes by secreting hormones into the blood

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17
Q

Define feedback system

A

a cycle of events in whish a condition in the body is continually monitored, evaluated, and changed

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18
Q

Stimulus

A

any disruption that causes a change in a controlled condition

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19
Q

Stimuli from external environment

A

intense heat or lack of oxygen

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20
Q

stimuli from internal environment

A

blood glucose level too low

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21
Q

physiological stimuli

A

demands of work and school

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22
Q

3 components of feedback system

A

receptor, control center, effector

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23
Q

Receptor

A

monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends information called input to control center

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24
Q

control center

A

evaluates the input it receives from receptors and generates output commands

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25
effector
body structure the receives output commands and produces a response that changes the controlled condition
26
Negative feedback system
reverses a change in a controlled condition in order to maintain homeostasis **most feedback systems in the body are negative
27
Positive Feedback system
strengthens/reinforces a change in a controlled condition
28
examples of positive feedback system
childbirth, ovulation, blood clotting
29
two terms of a reclining body
prone, supine
30
Prone position
body lying face down
31
Supine position
body is lying face up
32
Major body regions
Head, neck, trunk, upper limbs, lower limbs
33
Superior
(cephalic or cranial) toward the head, or upper part of structure
34
Inferior
(caudal) away from the head or lower part of the structure
35
Anterior
(ventral) nearer to or at the front of the body
36
Posterior
(dorsal) nearer to or at the back of the body
37
Medial
nearer to the midline or midsagittal plane (trunk, head)
38
Lateral
farther from midline or midsagittal plane (trunk, head)
39
Proximal
nearer to the attachment point of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the point of origin
40
Distal
farther from the attachment point of a limb to the trunk; farther from the point of origin
41
Superficial
toward or on the surface of the body
42
Deep
away from the surface of the body
43
4 major planes
sagittal, frontal, transverse, oblique
44
Sagittal Plane
Vertical plane that divides body or organ into right and left sides
45
Midsagittal plane
equal right and left sides
46
parasagittal plane
unequal right and left sides
47
Frontal Plane (coronal)
divides the body or organ into front and back (anterior and posterior)
48
Transverse plane
divides the boy or organ into upper and lower (superior and inferior)
49
Oblique plane
passes through the body or organ at an angle
50
Name the principle body cavities
cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic
51
cranial cavity
formed by the cranial bones and contains the brain
52
vertebral canal
formed by the bones of the vertebral column and contains spinal cord
53
thoracic cavity
contains the heart, great blood vessels, and lungs. has 3 smaller cavities
54
3 smaller cavities of thoracic cavity
pericardial, pleural cavities, mediastinum
55
pericardial cavity
fluid filled space that surrounds the heart
56
pleural cavities
each of which surrounds one lung and contains a small amount of fluid
57
mediastinum cavity
central portion of the thoracic cavity; contains esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels
58
Diaphragm
dome shaped muscle that powers breathing and separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity
59
Abdominopelvic cavity
extends from diaphragm to the groin; separated into two portions although no wall separates them
60
Abdominal cavity (upper portion)
contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of large intestine
61
Pelvic Cavity (lower portion)
contains urinary bladder, portions of large intestines, and internal organs of reproductive system
62
Serous membranes
found in large body cavities; thin double layered membrane that covers viscera and lines the walls of thorax and abdomen
63
serous membrane layers
parietal : lines the walls of the cavities | Visceral: covers and adheres to the viscera (organs) within the cavities
64
serous membrane names
pleural cavity = pleura pericardial cavity = pericardium abdominal cavity = peritoneum

Surface Force IDC (26 decks)

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